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ŠUMARSKI LIST 3-4/2010 str. 20     <-- 20 -->        PDF

Ž. Zečić, D. Vusić, M. Prka, S. Klepac: UTJECAJ NAGIBATRAKTORSKOG PUTANAPROIZVODNOST ... Šumarski list br. 3–4, CXXXIV (2010), 103-114


Harvesting phases of felling and processing were time-separated from skidding.


Research was conducted using time and work study method. Time consumption of
each work component was measured by snap-back chronometry method. Lenght of
skid roads was gradually measured on uniform slope segments by GPS. Coordinates
of points, where the longitudal slope changes, were recorded by GPS as well. Slope of
each individual segment was calculated using the difference in altitude of slope
change points and the related lenght.


While skidding, the tractor was travelling exclusively by two skid roads (figure 4
and table 1). Average skid slope is expressed in percents, in the direction of loaded
tractor travel. Average slope of recorded turns was calculated by weighting the related
slope with the travel lenght. Average skidding distance was calculated as an average
of recorded loaded trevel lenghts of each turn.


Load records are shown in table 2. Significant difference in average load on skid
trail 1 (5.043 m3) and on skid trail 2 (3.715 m3) is evident. By each turn difference in
productivity of skidding on skid road 1 and skid road 2 increases by 1.328 m3. During
the research 75.650 m3of beech wood asortments, and 115.994 m3of fir wood asortments
were skidded on skid road 1. On skid road 2 18.607 m3of beech wood asortments
an 44.549 m3of fir wood asortments were skidded. By multiplying achieved volumes
with density of fresh beech wood (1,07 t/m3) and fresh fir wood (0,98 t/m3) average load
masses on skid road 1 (5.122 t) and on skid road 2 (3.739 t) were calculated.


Variable times (travel loaded and unloaded by skid roads and landing, line pulling
and winching) were analysed by mathematical and statistical methods (figure
6, figure 7 and figure 8). All other effective times were regarded as fixed and calculated
as averages of recorded time (figure 11).


During the research average daily output of 36.40 m3/day was achieved with
average total time consuption of 404,59 min/day. The said total time consumption
makes 84.59 % of legal working time (480 min). With full utilisatin of legal working
time, at the same organization of work, the productivity would increase by 15.41%.


During the research the tractor accomplished 76.46 % of total time as efective time
with delay time of 23.54 %. In effective time per turn, for skidding distance of 500 m,
fixed times take 17.36 min and variable times take 18.97 min. Effective time per turn,
for skidding distance of 500 m, is 36.34 min. With determined allowance time factor of
1,22 total time is 44.42 min. Average travel speed on skid roads is 3.56 km/h for unloaded
tractor and 3.50 km/h for loaded tractor. Average travel speed on landing is


4.65 km/h for unloaded tractor and 4.93 km/h for loaded tractor, on average distance
of 65 m. Average speed of line pulling is 0.97 km/h and average speed of winching is
0.86 km/h. Standard time of skidding on skid road 1 ranges from 5.32 min/m3(100 m)
to 13.17 min/m3(1000 m) with average load of 5.04 m3. For skkiding on skid road
2 standard time ranges from 7.22 min/m3(100 m) to 17.88 min/m3(1000 m) with average
load of 3.72 m3.
Daily output ranges from 90.27 m3/day for skkidnig distance of 100 m to 36.45
m3/day for skidding distance of 1000 m, when skkiding on skid road 1, and from


66.50m3/day to 26.85 m3/day when skidding on skid road 2 for the same distances.
For skidding distances from 100 m to 1000 m skidding cost ranges from 31.83 kn/m3
to 78.83 kn/m3, for skid road 1 and from 43.20 kn/m3to 107.01 kn/m3for skid road 2.
Timberjack 240C tractor belongs to a group of highly-efficient special forest timber
skidding machines. The principle of load size ef fect, as one of the key factors of
timber skidding, on skidding productivity in different skidding distances has been
proven by this detailed research. Hence, by increasing the load volume the productivity
of this tractor is significantly increased, thus lowering the cost per unit, in this
case by 26.34 %. Considerably lower timber skidding cost when skidding down the
slope should be regarded as one of the capital elements in planning and construction
of secondary forest network.


Key words:skidding, slope, skidder, productivity, cost