DIGITALNA ARHIVA ŠUMARSKOG LISTA
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ŠUMARSKI LIST 11-12/2017 str. 42     <-- 42 -->        PDF

The second oldest record originates from Ruište, Prenj Mt. A single specimen (Fig. 2 left) was collected on November 14th 2010 within the stand of endemic Bosnian pine (Pinus heldreichii H. Christ). This finding site was surrounded by Bosnian pines, the tree species native to mountainous areas of the Balkans and southern Italy (Farjon 2013). Based on published data this is the first time that L. occidentalis is associated to this pine, this is not to big suprise as Pinaceae are known to be its preferred host tree group..
In March 2013 dead adult was found in the building of the Faculty of Science in Sarajevo, located in the Sarajevo city center, while the second observation in this year was made in August when a single specimen (Fig. 2 right) was found at Duboštica, Zvijezda Mt. within a mixed stands of European black pine (Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.).
In 2016, a new observation was made near Veliko polje on Igman Mt. at the locality mostly populated by Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) and European silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) forest. On September 23, 26 and 28 single adults were also observed in Klek, small settlement on the Adriatic coast in Croatia, less than 2 km from the border with Bosnia and Herzegovina, and on September, 30 one specimen was found on the building wall in Neum city in Bosnia and Herzegovina. At the margin of the Klek settlement, Aleppo pine forest is present, as well as in Neum and its vicinity. According to available published data (Tescari, 2004; Kment & Baňař, 2008; Pajač Živković et al. 2013) the record from Klek represents the southernmost observation of the species in Croatia so far. The most recent of the findings in BiH dates from November 2016 in urban part of Banja Luka city and represents an overwintering individual that was found in one apartment building in Lauš settlement.
Both our findings plus the review of published cases of L. occidentalis appearance and spread in Balkan Peninsula demonstrate a significant lack of spatial data connected with the lack of collecting effort. It is therefore hard to establish exact routes and times of invasions of alien species. As a consequence, in some areas the species are discovered only after they become well established and common. The occurrence of L. occidentalis in BiH is probably a result of natural spread from Croatia and/or Serbia where it was documented earlier, in Croatia in 2004 (Tescari 2004) and in Serbia in 2006 (Protić 2008). In Bosnia and Herzegovina little attention is given to invasive insect species and the dicoveries are mainly accidental (e.g. Kulijer 2010). Most records of L. occidentalis from BiH refer to overwintering individuals, majority from Sarajevo, where most of the authors reside. These records refer to accidental discovery of adults found in or near buildings in autumn/spring. The paper from Protić and Stanković (2015) reported 77 bug species from BiH, among which eight (app. 10%) are considered new for the country. This clearly illustrates a still insufficient knowledge of the BiH fauna of Heteroptera.
In the following years target research and survey of L. occidentalis in the country is needed in order to determine the distribution, population status and potential damaging threat to the conifer forest ecosystems and the seed production in forestry. The monitoring program for this species should be urgently established in Bosnia and Herzegovina to estimate the potential risks of mass expansion in the country.
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