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ŠUMARSKI LIST 1-2/2018 str. 55     <-- 55 -->        PDF

assume that this difference is mainly caused by the large participation of thinner trees in managed forests. These trees are characterized by higher values of Slenderness coefficient in comparison to thicker trees.
Korpel et al. (1991) gave the critical value of h/dbh ratio for beech in the range from 1.8 to 2.2 in the context of the stability of trees. In all studied stands this ratio was on average significantly lower than the critical values. Only two managed stands had this ratio in the suggested critical value range. In the beech stands of virgin type in Central Bohemia similar results were obtained - from 0.28 to 1.89 (Bilek et al. 2011). Drössler & Lüpke (2007) noticed that the trees of the lower and middle storey in beech virgin forest Havešova in Slovakia had an average of 1.39 and the trees of the upper storeys an average of 0.67.
Maximum dimensions of trees – Maksimalne dimenzije stabala
The maximum tree diameters at breast height are from 72 to 92 cm (80 cm on average) in the managed stands and from 105 to 120 cm (114 cm on average) in the virgin stands. Large-sized standing dead trees have dbh from 94 to 122 cm in the virgin stands. The maximum tree height is from 38.8 to 44.5 m (43 m on average) in the managed stands and from 44.0 to 53.7 m (48.3 m on average) in the stands of virgin type. In the virgin forest stand of Danilova kosa there are two trees with the height over 50 m (50.7 and 53.7 m) and diameters between 115 and 120 cm (Tab. 4). The dimensions obtained in virgin forests in Serbia are similar to the dimensions presented in various studies on beech virgin forests in the area of Central, Eastern and Southern Europe. Meyer et al. (2003) found maximum diameters of 99, 122 and 115 cm in Merdita, Puka and Rajca virgin forests in Albania. Turcu & Stetca (2006) measured the largest diameter of 126.4 cm and a height of 51.7 m in Izvoarele Nerei beech virgin forest in Romania. In seven beech reserves in Slovakia the largest diameters measured in the last 40 years were from 81.5 to 121.0 cm (Kucbel et al. 2012). In two virgin beech stands in Central Bohemia the largest diameters ranged from 108.2 to 110.2 cm and the maximum heights measured 42 to 44 m, while in the managed even-aged beech stands diameters were from 72.2 to 102.1 cm and the height was 49 m (Bilek et al. 2011). Commarmot et al. (2005) found the biggest diameter of 132.6 and a height of about 50m in the virgin forest of Uholka in Ukraine. Korpel (1995) measured a maximum height of 49 m in Havešova forest reserve in Slovakia. In Hrončokovsky Grun reserve in central Slovakia Holeksa et al. (2009) found a maximum height of 47 m. Drössler and Lüpke (2007) noticed a maximum diameter of 127 cm and a height of about 50 m, with an extreme height of 56 m in beech virgin forest in Slovakia. Petritan et al. (2012) found that beech trees in natural mixed forests of oak and beech in western Romania had diameters up to 102 cm and heights of up to 51 m.
Stand density and productivity – Sastojinska gustoća i produktivnost
Table 5 shows the data on the most important forest estimation elements of the studied beech stands, and average values and variability of these elements in  the managed and virgin stands.
Using the F test the differences were determined in the variability of the average number of trees (N), basal area (G), volume (V), total biomass (Bt) and total carbon stock (Ct), stand quadratic mean diameter (Dg), standing dead wood volume (Vs), lying dead wood volume (Vl) and total dead wood volume (Vt) per ha for two types of stands statistically significant at 2 % risk level. However, the difference in the variability Lorey’s mean height (HL) is statistically random.