DIGITALNA ARHIVA ŠUMARSKOG LISTA
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ŠUMARSKI LIST 1-2/2018 str. 7     <-- 7 -->        PDF

VRIJEDI LI ZAKON O ŠUMAMA ZA SVE VLASNIKE ŠUMA?
IS THE FOREST ACT BINDING FOR ALL FOREST OWNERS?
UREDNIŠTVO
RIJEČ UREDNIŠTVA
Šumama se gospodari prema osnovi i programu gospodarenja za pojedinu gospodarsku jedinicu. Osnova i program gospodarenja izrađeni su na temelju Zakona o šumama i Pravilnika o uređivanja šuma. No, poštuju se i odredbe još nekih zakonskih akata i podakata, kao što su: Zakon o zaštiti prirode, Zakon o zaštiti okoliša, Zakon o šumskom reprodukcijskom materijalu, Zakon o lovstvu, Zakon o zaštiti od požara, Zakon o vodama, Zakon o cestama, Zakon o prostornom uređenju i gradnji, Zakon o državnoj izmjeri i katastru nekretnina, Zakon o održivom gospodarenju otpadom te Pravilnik o doznaci stabala, obilježavanju drvnih sortimenata, popratnici i šumskom redu, Pravilnik o zaštiti šuma od požara, Pravilnik o strogo zaštićenim vrstama i Pravilnik o sakupljanju samoniklih biljaka te Uredba o ekološkoj mreži. Naravno, gospodarska osnova usklađena je s propisima Šumsko gospodarske osnove područja Republike Hrvatske. Sve rečeno dobro je poznato šumarskim stručnjacima, posebice onima iz odjela za uređivanje šuma koji pripremaju i izrađuju osnove gospodarenja, no dobro je podsjetiti se i pomoći neupućenima shvatiti da je drvo kao sirovina za daljnju preradu, samo jedan od proizvoda šume. Upravo dokumenti na koje se oslanja izrada osnova gospodarenja, ukazuju na zadaću šume i njenu općekorisnu funkciju te naknade za nju, koja je većini građana sporna, ponajprije iz neznanja. No, poticaj za pisanje bilo kojega, pa i ovoga podsjetnika-uvoda i pitanja postavljenog u naslovu, uvijek su neki događaji koji nas iz našeg okruženja trenutačno okupiraju .
Već nekoliko godina sukladno Zakonu o naknadi za imovinu oduzetu za vrijeme jugoslavenske komunističke vladavine, vraćaju se određene površine šuma bivšim vlasnicima - u pojedinim slučajevima radi se i o povećim površinama. Prema Pravilniku o uređivanju šuma, kada dođe do promjene vlasničkih odnosa uzrokovanih povratom imovine na temelju posebnog Zakona i kada se radi o povratu šumske površine veće od 100 ha, potrebno je izraditi izvanrednu reviziju osnove gospodarenja. To rade Hrvatske šume d.o.o., kojima je povjereno gospodarenje šumama u vlasništvu države, a odobrava resorno ministarstvo putem stručnog povjerenstva. Očekuje se da to rade i „novi-stari“ vlasnici šuma, jer Zakon o šumama vrijedi za sve vlasnike šuma. Odjeli za uređivanje šuma Hrvatskih šuma d.o.o. novim-starim vlasnicima šuma nude izradu osnova gospodarenja, kažu uglavnom neuspješno. Pretpostavljamo da te programe za njih rade neke druge licencirane šumarske tvrtke. Nije za vjerovati, ali kažu da ima čak primjera da se gospodarenje povjerava pilanaru! Dakle, već znano „haračenje“ u privatnim šumama izgleda nastavlja se, samo sada na nešto većim površinama. Prema tomu, sječe se nemilice i očito to netko odobrava ili zatvara oči pred time. Ne želimo nikoga optuživati, jer nismo inspektori, nego samo na temelju indicija upozoravamo resorno ministarstvo da poduzme odgovarajuće mjere, posebice Komoru inženjera šumarstva i drvne tehnologije da zaštiti žig ovlaštenog inženjera od eventualnog profaniranja.
Inače, interesantno bi bilo znati na koji način i gdje završava ta drvna sirovina iz privatnih šuma i u kojoj fazi obrade. Za drvnu sirovinu Hrvatskih šuma d.o.o. znamo da se većina „raspoređuje“ kupcima po netržišnim cijenama, iako već male količine koje se prodaju po tržišnom načelu putem javnog nadmetanja, pokazuju osjetnu razliku u prihodu, no napravljene promjene u prodajnoj politici državnih šuma tek su na tragu željenih i realnijih prihoda. Država-vlasnik gubi, a pune se privatni džepovi drvoprerađivača s opravdanjem očuvanja radnih mjesta. Vijesti u dnevnome tisku o povećanju cijena drvne sirovine samo je nova administrativna, a ne tržišna mjera.
Prije nekoliko dana gledamo na HTV preradu drva u Petrinji i prvi zaključak je „sada su na redu Hrvatske šume d.o.o.“ koje trebaju osigurati drvnu sirovinu, kao što se to tražilo za sličnu proizvodnju u Vukovaru, naravno “po povoljnim cijenama“. A koja je to finalna proizvodnja? Parket, koji poštujući racionalno korištenje drvne sirovine zapravo predstavlja proizvod pilanske dorade i najnižeg stupnja finalne obrade drva. Furnir je pak poluproizvod-sirovina za daljnju obradu drva. Prave finalizacije tu nigdje nema, a upravo ona osigurava stvaranje dodane vrijednosti i nova radna mjesta, koja mi našom netržišnom politikom izvozimo umjesto drvnih proizvoda visoke finaliziranosti. Nije potrebno reći da finalizacija onda potiče prateću industriju (okovi, ljepila, lakovi i sl.) i stručno osposobljavanje i zapošljavanje, kako proizvodnih radnika, tako i inženjera drvne tehnologije. Zbog čega je to tako teško shvatiti?
Uredništvo

ŠUMARSKI LIST 1-2/2018 str. 8     <-- 8 -->        PDF

EDITORIAL
Forests are managed according to the management plan and programme of a particular management unit. Management plans and programmes are drawn up on the basis of the Forest Act and the Forest Management Regulations. However, are the regulations of other laws and by-laws obeyed? These include, for example, the Nature Protection Act, the Environment Protection Act, the Act on Forest Reproductive Material, the Hunting Act, the Forest Fire Protection Act, the Water Act, the Act on Roads, the Physical Planning and Building Act, the State Measurement and Land Registry Act, the Act on Sustainable Waste Management, and the Regulation on Remittance of Trees, Marking of the Timber and Forest Row, the Regulation on Forest Fire Protection, the Regulation on Strictly Protected Species, the Regulation on the Collection of Wild Plants, and the Regulation on the Ecological Network.
The management plan is coordinated with the regulations of the Forest Management Plan of the Republic of Croatia. All this is well known to forestry experts and particularly to those from the Forest Planning Department, who prepare and draw up management plans. Still, it is worth while reminding those less knowledgeable of the matter that timber as raw material for further processing is only one of the vast array of forest products. The  basic documents used to formulate management plans clearly highlight the role of the forest and its non-market function, as well as the monetary compensation for this function. Yet, this compensation is the bone of contention for the majority of the citizens, who are generally unaware of forest functions.  However, writing this reminder-introductory word and asking the question in the title is always prompted by some events from our surroundings that draw our attention.
For several years now, pursuant to the Act on Compensation for and Restitution of Assets Taken under the Yugoslav Communist Regime, some forest areas have been returned to their former owners - in some cases these areas are relatively large. According to the Forest Management Act, in the case of changed ownership relations caused by the restitution of property based on a special Law and in the case of property exceeding 100 ha, it is necessary to revise the management plan. This is done by the company "Croatian Forests" Ltd, which has been entrusted with the management of state-owned forests, and must be approved by the corresponding Ministry through its expert commission. It is expected that the job is also performed by the "new-old" forest owners, because the Forest Act is binding for all forest owners. The forest management departments of "Croatian Forests" Ltd offer their services of formulating management plans to the new-old forest owners, but in their words, mainly unsuccessfully. We assume that these programmes are executed by some other licensed forestry companies. Hard to believe, but there have been cases of such jobs being entrusted to sawmill owners! Thus, the already familiar "acts of plundering" in private forests are continuing, but now over even larger areas. Trees are being mercilessly cut down, and it is evident that such acts are either approved by someone or that eyes are being shut to this practice.  We would not want to incriminate anybody  because we are not inspectors, but what we would like to do is, on the basis of indicators, warn the relevant ministry to undertake the required measures, and particularly the Chamber of Forestry and Wood Technology Engineers, to protect the seal of a licensed engineer from possible profanation.   
Otherwise, it would be interesting to know in what manner and where the raw wood material from private forests ends and in which processing stage it is found. We know that the majority of raw wood material of Croatian Forests Ltd is "distributed" to buyers at non-market prices, although even the small quantities sold on the market on the public bid principle show a considerable difference in the profit. However, the changes in the selling policy of state forests are a far cry from the desired and more realistic profit. The state - the owner, loses and private pockets of wood processors are filled on the pretext of retaining working places. The news in the press talking of higher prices of raw wood material is just a new administrative, and not a marketing measure. 
Several days ago we watched a TV programme on wood processing in Petrinja, and the first conclusion was that "it is the turn of Croatian Forests Ltd" to ensure raw wood material, in the same way it was demanded for similar production in Vukovar, naturally, at "favourable prices". What is this final production? Parquet, which, in the rational use of raw wood material represents a product of sawmill processing  and the lowest stage of final timber processing.  Veneer is a semi-finished product - raw material for further wood processing.  There is no proper finalisation, and it is finalisation that generates the creation of added value and new working posts. Due to our non-market policy we export these instead of wood products in the highest finalising stage. It goes without saying that finalisation stimulates the accompanying industry (frames, glues, varnishes  and similar) and ensures specialized training and employment to not only production workers but also wood technology engineers. Why is this so hard to understand?
Editorial Board