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ŠUMARSKI LIST 9-10/2018 str. 60     <-- 60 -->        PDF

genus Taxus has created a great interest due to its content of diterpene alkaloids, especially taxol (Malik et al. 2011). The production of taxol and baccatin III by callus and cell suspension cultures of different Taxus species has been expressed (Cusidó et al. 1999). The species must be reproduced for reasons such as the existence of wide usage areas and need to be protected.
The effectiveness of nursery management is seriously affected by delay in germination. Thus, alternative planting materials are required (Akinyele, 2010). One of the plant propagation techniques is the vegetative propagation by cuttings. Cutting are prepared by the vegetative portions of the plant including stems, modified stems (rhizomes, tubers, corms and bulbs), leaves or roots. Stem cuttings can be divided into four groups to be hardwood, semi-hardwood, softwood and herbaceous (Hartmann et al. 2002). After leaves abscise, hardwood cuttings are made of matured, dormant firm wood. The hardwood cutting is one of the cheapest and easiest methods of vegetative propagation. Hardwood cuttings, prepared during the dormant season (Hambrick et al. 1991), are easy to prepare and require little or no special equipment during rooting (Fourrier, 1984).
Perlite is widely used in rooting of plants for moisture retention and good aeration characteristics, sterility and light weight (Şimşek, 1993; Hartmann et al. 2002). Peat is an organic material commonly used in greenhouse cultivation, floriculture, seedling production and similar horticultural works in many countries of the world (Çolak and Günay, 2011).
In plant propagation, the induction of roots is a process regulated by environmental and endogenous factors such as temperature, light, plant growth regulators (especially auxin), carbohydrates, mineral salts and other molecules (Gehlot et al. 2014). Auxins involved in most aspects of plant development are a group of tryptophan-derived signals (Woodward and Bartel, 2005). These control growth and development, early stages of embryogenesis, organization of apical meristem (phyllotaxy) and branching of the plant aerial parts (apical dominance), formation of main root, lateral and adventitious root initiation (Went and Thimann, 1937). Auxins have been shown to be efficient inducers of adventitious roots in many woody species (De Klerk et al. 1999). The widely used sources of plant growth regulators for rooting of cuttings are the IBA (indole-3-butyric acid), IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) and NAA (α-naphthalene acetic acid) (Cooper, 1935; Fogaça and Fett-Neto 2005).
The objective of this study is to determine the effects of different greenhouse media (GM), rooting media (RM) and hormones (H) on propagation by cutting of European yew (Taxus baccata L.).
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
2. MATERIJALI I METODE
The study was conducted in The Research and Application Greenhouse at Faculty of Forestry, Karadeniz Technical University (KTU) in 2016. Hardwood cuttings taken in March from the last annual shoots of a 28-year-old male individual located in KTU Kanuni Campus were used as study material. This study was carried out in Greenhouse-1 media (air temperature at 20±2°C, rooting table temperature at 20±2°C), Greenhouse-2 media (air temperature at 20±2°C, rooting table temperature at 25±2°C) with technological systems and Greenhouse-3 media (nylon tunnel greenhouse media without temperature adjustment). Temperatures in the greenhouse media were adjusted with the automation system in technological greenhouse. Perlite