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ŠUMARSKI LIST 3-4/1963 str. 54     <-- 54 -->        PDF

IZVORI:


(1) Jurma n
A.: Sječa jasenovog vinogradarskog kolja u mjesecu kolovozu u Istri,
Vjesnik društva lugara NR Hrvatske 8—9/1961.
(2) Kollmann : Technologie des Holzes u. der Holzwerkstoffe, München 1951.
(3) Trendelenburg/Mayer
— Wegelin: Das Holz als Rohstoff, München
1955.
(4) Tomkel j
I. I.: Biologičeskaja šuška kak sredstvo povysenija plovučesti listvennoj
drevesiny, Lesnaja promyslennost 4/1953.
(5) Ugrenovi ć A.: Tehnologija drveta, Zagreb 1932.
(6) B r i n a r
M.: Neke ugotovitve v zvezi z zgrađbo in kvaliteto naših bukovih
gozdov, (referat sa savjetovanja o bukovini u Ljubljani 19. 2. 1959.)
(7) Ugrenovi ć A.: upotreba drveta i sporednih proizvoda šume, Zagreb 1948.
(8) Savi ć
Đ.: VII Zasedanje radne grupe za iskorišćavanje drveta Međunarodne
komisije za topolu, Topola tor. 20´—21 mart—juni 1961.
FELLING OF BEECH AND OF OTHER BROADLEAVED SPECIES IN LATE
SUMMER — A BIOLOGICAL METHOD OF WOOD SEASONING


Summary


People in mountaineous regions of Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Macedonia,
and even of Switzerland, carry out fellings of Beech throughout the centuries in the
second half of August or in the first days of September. They let the felled trees
lie on the ground together with their crowns intact until the foliage withers well.
Then they start with working-up of assortments. Such Beechwood has no tendency
to split, there is no fungal decay on fronts and the wood is white in colour like
Maplewood.


In the northern provinces of the U. S. S. R. this method of felling and seasoning
through foliage is practised in Birch in order to improve the wood quality and to
increase the floatability of Birch logs on long distances on rivers.


In 1957. and 1958. were carried out experiments with Beech: felled were 9 groups
of 10 Beech trees each in three localities: open hilly ground, valley in the Alps,
and humid gorge.


In groups on warmer, open sites the loss of water amounted on an average to
200 kg/cu.m., in humid localities on an average to 130 kg/cu.m. Besides this loss of
moisture it was established that the green wood from the fellings at this time is by
ca 40 kg/cu.m. lighter than the wood from the winter fellings in the same stand.
Beechwood obtained in this way is white-coloured like Maplewood, and as to the
whole volume of wood (red heart excepting) it does not split even in 50°/o of cases
of wood cut in winter. In addition, there are no occurrences of incipient decay or of
fungal attack.


These experiments as well as a wider application in 1959, 1960 and 1961 speak
in favour of the following: In cold, humid and higher localities felling should be
carried out in the second half of August, and in warm, dry and low-lying localities
in the first half of September. Primary conversion should take place when the
foliage is well withered (after 2—4 or more weeks), or perhaps also later without
any risk of damage to the quality of the wood. The deterioration of Beechwood


(incipient and advanced decay) appears, on the contrary, in fellings occurring in
July or at the beginning of August, if the Beechwood lies more than 4 weeks in the
forest, because the weather is warm then. The wood of Beech obtained from the
felling which takes place at the end of summer is suitable for all uses and treatments
except for the preservation according to the Bucherie process. The proposed (method
of felling is also applicable to other broadleaved species yielding thus a wood of
better quality, -longer serviceability and easier handling.