DIGITALNA ARHIVA ŠUMARSKOG LISTA
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| ŠUMARSKI LIST 5-6/1963 str. 24 <-- 24 --> PDF |
CHARCOAL — SELECTIVE STERILIZER — LASTING FERTILIZER Summary The positive influence of charcoal an the growth of plants is well known both from popular experience as well as on the ground of .scientific research. The application of charcoal dust in nurseries, especially in Conifers, has yielded excellent results. In three-year-old Spruce was established a double to treble size of its plants as compared to those grown on untreated soil. Even in the basic reaction of .soil (pH = 7 or more) there occurred no more a dying away of Spruce plants from Fusarium sp. or of Pine plants from Lophodermiu m pini. Late in 1961, the Forest Research Institute, Beograd, carried out a pedological and microbiological analysis of the soil. Under the influence of charcoal the number of ammonifying bacteria increased by two to five times, the number of aetinomycetes by nine times, while the number of fungi was decreasing. In a four-year-old charring place ammonifying bacteria doubled their number by multiplication, actinomycetes increased by forty times, while fungi almost disappeared. During spring frosts an excellent nutrition under the influence of charcoal made possible a 10ÖD/o regeneration of cne-year-old Spruce plants, while the controls died. In seven old charring places irandom sampling established on an average a ten times denser and much stronger and healthier wind-borne young growth of Spruce and Fir than on the control plots. The most rational dosage of charcoal (in the form of pQwder or particles up to ca. 3—3 mm. in size (is 2—31.) sq..m. which amount of charcoal must be mixed -with earth up to a depth of 5—8 cm. The effect is visible at once at the beginning of the first growing period, and it remains such for about 20 years. For the nurseries of coniferous species the forest humus or compost are better suitable than stable manure. When using a too high dosage of stable manure, the addition of charcoal brings about an excess of nitrates which gives rise to needle chlorosis. In afforestation it is recommended to fill up the plant holes with earth containing a 5°´o admixture (by volume) of charcoal. A dose of 5 tons/ha. is suffic´ent for all field crops and all kinds of soils. An especially luxuriant growth is exhibited by leguminous plants. Illustration in the article represent: Nos. 1—4: Effect of charcoal on the yield increase of corn and wheat following an extremely strong drought as compared with the controls. Here, charcoal has been efficient for already 28 years. Nos. 5—6: Cirsium arvense of normal size. The same, with a foliage area four times as big induced by charcoal. No. 7: Trifolium rep ens under the influence of charcoal has outgrown the grass of B r o m u s m o 11 i s being 40 am. high (left), (C i r s i iu TO arvense and Trifolium re pens are the indicators for the increase of nitrogen under the influence of charcoal in the earth). No. 8: Three-year-old Spruce plants from the same nursery — left without oharcoal 25 cm. high, right with charcoal 70 cm. high. ´:, |