DIGITALNA ARHIVA ŠUMARSKOG LISTA
prilagođeno pretraživanje po punom tekstu
| ŠUMARSKI LIST 1-2/1990 str. 103 <-- 103 --> PDF |
topola, jasenova, brijestova, dudova pa i crnogoričnih vrsta kao što su alepski bor, pinjol i cedar. Listopadne vrste drveća, a naročito topole, zasađene su uz kanale, ceste, međe posjeda, vinograda itd. Ima mnogo vjetrobranih i poljozaštitnih pojaseva. Stabla listopadnih vrsta drveća imaju gdjekad bizardne oblike te nalikuju na naše »šubarke«. To su tragovi nekadašnjeg specijalnog gospodarenja kad su se pojedina stabla sjekla »u glavu« radi dobivanja kolja, sitnog građevnog materijala i ogrjeva a da bi istovremeno bila omogućena paša u takvim nasadima. To je takozvana »Capitozzatura«. U tom dijelu Italije osjeća se velika veza poljoprivrede i šumarstva što je svojstveno za talijansku šumarsku školu. Ali ne samo veza šumarstva s poljoprivredom nego i ekološki utjecaj šuma na okolinu i ljudsku zajednicu karakterizira talijansko šumarstvo. To najbolje dokazuje zadnja inventarizacija šuma (1987) prema kojoj talijanski šumari smatraju da 89% njihovih šuma ima pored ostalih u prvom redu hidrološku funkciju. Takvo saznanje i takva orijentacija ukazuje na važnost vode i vodenih tokova u Italiji, što nalaže posebni tretman postojećih šuma u današnjem industrijskom svijetu u kome je voda jedan od preduvjeta uspješnog razvoja. Ali pored posebnog šumsko-uzgojnog tretmana postojećih šuma ulažu se veliki napori u pošumljenju i osnivanju novih kultura i plantaža. Zanimljivo je osim toga da je Italija jedna od prvih zemalja koja je putem zakonskih regulativa priznala pozitivan zdravstveni utjecaj šume na čovjeka. Ne treba zaboraviti također da je Italija zemlja prvog svjetskog šumarskog kongresa (Rim, 1931). Forestry Development in Italy Summary i Approximately one quarter of Italian forest land is concentrated in the Alps. The majority of remaining forest areas are situated mostly in the Apennines, with a small part of forest land being in the lowlands. The slopes of the Apennines arc covered by deciduous forests which are very heavy thinned and in places even devastated and transformed into coppices and other degraded forms. Italy does not possess vast tracts of forest that are of value. Nevertheless, it cannot be said that Italy is totally bereft of forest trees. Extending throughout the slopes of the Apennines, as well as in the central and southern lowlands, are plantations of poplar ash, elm, mulberry and even coniferous trees such as the Aleppo pine, cedar and stone pine. Broad-leaved trees, particularly aspen, are planted along the canals, roads, as boundaries between estates, vineyards, etc. Windbreak zones and fieldprotecting zones and other shelter belts are plentiful. Deciduous trees sometimes assume bizarre shapes, consequences of a specific way a exploiting trees when individual trees were out into the crown to the trunk in order to encourage the growth of palings, small building material and firewood, while at the same time making it possible for livestock to graze in such plantations. This was known as »Capitozzatura«. Close links between agriculture and forestry are particularly pronounced in this part of Italy. Another characteristic of Italian forestry is an awareness of the ecological influence of forests on the environment and on the human community. The best proof of this is the latest inventorization of forests (1987) according to which Italian forestry experts consider that the primary function, in addition to others, of S9:,,i, of their forests is hydrological. Such an awareness and such orientation indicates the importance attached to water and water courses in Italy, which in turn demands the special treatment of existing forests in the industrialized world of today in which water 101 |