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ŠUMARSKI LIST 9-10/1990 str. 22     <-- 22 -->        PDF

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The Succession of Forest Vegetation in the Spačva Basin in the Period from
1970 to 1989


Summary


The author deals with the synecological- syndynamic relationship of the
forest vegetation of the Spačva basin in 1971 and provides a schematic representation
of the predicted successive development of forest vegetation in the
Spačva basin (Graph I).


To establish a strong connection between the forest vegetation development
and the synecological factors of the area investigated, the author laid down
approximately 70 km of contour lines in the E—W and N—S direction (see Map 1)
and charted the forest vegetation within them in 1971 showing the connection
between: relief — soil — water — vegetation. Due to the changes in the synecological
factors which have occurred over the past 20 years, and especially the
drop in the underground water level and the reclamation of the Spačva basin
by various hydroameliorations, a sudden change has occurred in the forest
vegetation, i. e. the natural succession of development from wetter to drier
forest communities has been speeded up. The progressive succession predicted
in Graph 1 has been confirmed, but it has also been speeded up due to the fact
that reclamation of the Spačva basin (the drop in the underground water level,
the absence of surface flood waters). The change in the forest vegetation is
shown in a part of the contour line diagrams (1—4), as well as in the recapitulation
of Tables 1—4, from which it is evident that the share of so-called drier
plant communities has increased by 21%, as follows:


Carpino betuli-Quercetum roboris typicum R a u š 1971 and Genisto elatae-
Quercetum roboris aceretosum tatarici R a u š 1971 at the expense of the decrease
of wetter plant communities: Genisto elatae-Quercetum roboris caricetosum remotae
Horva t 1938 (16.8%), ash forests (0.20%), black alder forests (0.30%)
and other areas (3.9%).


This natural successive shift in the development of forest communities
in the Spačva basin occurs continuously (with no breaks or withering in the
constituents of Spačva) and must therefore be accepted as such and used in
expert work on constituent renewal. The successive development of the forest
vegetation of the Spačva basin is moving towards its climax, i. e. in the direction
of the development of the most valuable climatogenous communities of
common oak and hornbeam (Carpino betuli-Quercetum roboris typicum R a u š
1971). The author provides data and comments on the underground water level
in the Spačva basin in 1970 and 1988.


Key words : Forest phytocenosis, synecological factors, underground water,
flood, succession, levelling