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ŠUMARSKI LIST 1-2/1991 str. 33     <-- 33 -->        PDF

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Micropropagation of European birch (Betula pendula Roth.), paper birch


(B. papyrifera Marsh.) and yellow birch (B. lutea Michx.)
S u m m a r y


The vegetative propagation by conventional methods which exploit natural
mechanisms of asexual reproduction, rooting of cuttings and grafting, is time
consuming and of limited success for many tree species. Tissue culture techniques
offer a new dimension to tree improvement and may serve as an adjunct
to conventional tree-breeding programs.


In present paper we described how micropropagation technique could bee
used in production and genotypes selection of three birch species Betula pendula,
ß. papyrifera and B. lutea.


Initial explants — axillary bud meristerns, were excised from two-, four-
and twenty-year-old European birch, as well as from two-year-old paper and yellow
birch. The branches were collected in winter to early spring before foliation. The
modified aspen culture medium (ACM) with low concentration of cytokinin BA


(2.2 u.M) was used as initial medium for shoot induction and multiplication. The
differences observed in all micropropagation stages were affected by different
morphogenetical capacity of tested species as well as their genotypes. Multiplication
rate achieved was 4—6 nodal segments per explant. The adventitious
root system was developed on the basal portion of shoots on the same medium
composition (mod. ACM) supplemented with 1.0 u.M IBA. Plantlets which passed
through hardening period, were developed into the normal plants in field conditions.
The results presented in this paper showed, also, that our micropropagation
method could bee used for propagation of mature birch trees.