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SUMMARY: The karyotype analysis of a single Picea omorica (PANČ.)
PURK. tree was completed using female gametophyte tissue. Most chromosomes
(n=12) were metacentric, but chromosomes IX and XII were submetacentric.
The positions of the centromeres of chromosomes X and XI were close
to submetacentric, but were classified as metacentric. Some authors, however,
could have considered the smallest four chromosomes as submetacentric.
This variance among authors in describing karyotypes is problematic when
comparisons are made among studies.


Based on a review of literature on karyotype analyses of gymnosperms, a
standardization for gymnosperm karyotypes is presented. Recommendations
for standardization are given including: karyotype analyses using metaphase
or anaphase cells, presentations of numerical karyotypes in absolute or relative
length, definitions of centromere position, karyotype graphs, and reliability
of position and frequency of secondary constrictions.


Key words: Picea omorica (PANC.) PURK., Karyotypes, Endosperm
in development, Gymnosperms, Centromere nomenclature, Feulgen squash
method