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ŠUMARSKI LIST 9-10/1999 str. 46     <-- 46 -->        PDF

A. Mcšlrovic: [JSPI.Ii:VAN.Ii; MUNIKh I´imis liMivit-lm Christ I I IIJU I.GO\ INI SuiiKii>ki h.st hr. V 1 0. CXXI11 I I W>). 4j I -452
a«fi? fAe rime within which this can be done. The average volume of the test assignment of
all research stands is 47.1 m´/ha of total wood mass. This is about 30% of the existing
stand volume - /52.93 m´/ha, or approximately a thirteen-year-average yearly increment
of3.50 m´/ha. Trees thicker than 50 cm make two thirds or 63.5% volume of the test assignment;
those classified as III quality class over four fifth or 82.8%) of the same volume
(Table 7). The average number per ha of young whitebark trees in all research stands was
3,822; young spruces 299; young beech trees 287. The number of all tree species together
on all test plots was 4,761 (Table 8).


The quality of all trees on the test plots classified in three classes (Table 10) is evaluated
separately. The number of III quality class trees of all research stands was on the average
slightly bigger than 173 or 3 7.0 %>.


The development and increment of the trees has been analyzed and shown in Tables
and diagrams (Tables 11, 12, and 14; Diagram 4, 5 and 6) according to the usual criteria.
The same applies to the stands. The height increment with the analyzed trees up to about
thirty years of age is slightly more intensive, later the same or somewhat smaller. The
biggest current annual height increment of the analyzed whitebark pines on all test areas
was between 0 and 10 years of age. On Plot 1 it was 0.22 m, Plot 2 0.21 m, and Plot 3 0.20
m The diameter growth and increment has a rather even pace: the highest current annual
diameter increment was 0.42 cm with the analyzed tree on plot 1 in the period between age
10 and 20. Total wood mass of the analyzed tree on Plot I was 0.16 m3 at age 58, while on
Plot 2 it was 0.15 m´ at age 62. The highest average volume increment with the analyzed
tree was 0.0048 m´ at age 40 to 50 on Plot 1, with a tendency of further increment. Height
curves of the stands generally differ little. At the same time, the lowest height curve was
shown with the youngest stand. The height curve of the stand on Plot 1 rises much higher.
The best diameter growth was established also on Plot 1. Average age diameter increment
of the mean tree is on Plot 1:2.1 cm. On Plot 1 the whitebark stand has achieved its highest
yearly volume increment, 5.63 m´/ha. The lowest was recorded on Plot 2: 2.27 m´/ha,
where the vegetation coverage was the smallest, 0.53 (Table 15).


The forest estimation indices of the investigated stands and the total production are
presented in Table 16.


The studied whitebark stands site-class ranged from 3.4 to 3.2 (average 3.4); coverage
from 0.53 to 0.82 (average 0.75); mean diameter from 12.5 to 18.7 (average 16.4), and the
mean height from 5.8 to 8.1 cm (average 7.1). With a yearly yield of the total wood mass


5.75 m´/ha, the whitebark stand on Plot I is the most productive. It is followed by Plot 2
with 4.42 m´/ha, and Plot 3 with 2.99 m´/ha (Table 17). All these results have been obtained
at the forest estimation limit of 5 cm.
Playing an important protective role as a pioneering species in its habitat, and taking
just a small surface for its growth, the whitebark pine is a very special tree in the forests
and forestry of Hercegovina. A natural rarity of forest vegetation, its stands have a highly
protective function in terms of hydrology, erosion and climate. Its beauty contributes to
tourism and recreation of this very poor mountainous arid karst region where Black pine
does not grow. It is here only the whitebark pine that can develop into normal trees. Last
but not least, whitebark pine wood has high technical properties.


The research aim has been obtained. A relict, endemic tree species of Hercegovina, the
whitebark pine grows under extreme conditions and on poor soils. Contributing greatly to
the beauty of the scenery, it is also a pioneering species, protecting the soil and creating
suitable conditions for the arrival of other tree species. With a natural progression upon
the grazeland areas, on the mountain of Cvrsnica its wood yield is smaller than in other
places, though within satisfactory limits: 2.0 to 6.0 m´/ha.


Key words: Growth, Whitebark Pine (Tinus heldreichii Christ), Tertiary relict, endemic
species, range, whitebark in Hercegovine, climate, soil, habitat, biological properties,
site-class, young growth, development and increment, developemnt and increment of
stands, yield.