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A. Frkovic: STRADANJE EUROPSKIH SMEĐIH MEDVJEDA ((r.vn.v arctos) U GORSKOJ HRVATSKOJ ... Šumarski list hr. II 12. CXXIII (I9´W), 565-572 ZAHVALA (Acknowledgement) Bez pomoći brojnih lovaca aktivnih sudionika do- ovom mjestu ističem prof. dr. sc. Đuru Huber a s movinskog rata, stručnih lovnih i šumarskih djelatnika Veterinarskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, koji je "Hrvatskih šuma" s područja Like i Gorskog kotara, inicirao ova istraživanja i bio mi od svekolike pomoći, ratnih izvjestitelja i drugih ovaj rad ne bi bilo moguće Svima njima najiskrenije zahvaljujem, izraditi. Mnogi od njih željeli su ostati anonimni. Na LITERATURA References Bog nar, A., Pavić, R., Ridanović, J., Rogić, Kusak, J. 1996. Analiza staništa medvjeda u Gors- V. and Šegota , T. 1975. Gorska Hrvatska. U: kom kotaru. Magistarski rad. Prirodoslovno-ma- R. Pavić ed. Geografija SR Hrvatske. Institut za tematički fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, 48 pp. geografiju Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. "Školska knji- Mikuska , T. 1993. The war in Croatia: its impact on ga" - Zagreb. 196 pp. wild animals. Pages 117-122 in P. Kraljević, ed. Frković , A. 1993. The influence of war on wild ani- Animal victims of Croatian Homeland war mals in Gorski kotar. Pages 129-132 in P. Kralje- 1990-1992. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, vie ed. Animals victims of Croatian Homeland University of Zagreb, Croatia, 150 pp. war 1990-1992. Faculty ofVeterinary Medicine, Raguž , D. andGrubešić , M. 1993. Posljediceagre- Universyty of Zagreb, Croatia, 150 pp. sije na Republiku Hrvatsku u lovnom gospoda Frković, A. 1997. Medvjed u Hrvatskoj - stanje, renju. Glas. šum. pokuse4: 147-154. gospodarenje, probemi, mediji. Šumarski list, Vratarić, P 1994. Lovno gospodarenje u Republici 121: 196. Hrvatskoj. FAO projekt TCP/CRO/2351. Mini- Huber , Đ. 1993. Threatened protected natural regions starstvo poljoprivrede i šumarstva Zagreb, 49 pp. and their fauna: with special review of the brown Vratarić, P. and Kru šaro v ski, D. 1999. Gospodabear. Pages 123-128 in P. Kraljević, ed. Animal renje šumama hrvatskog Podunavlja u uvjetima victims of Croatian Homeland war 1991-1992. zagađenja minsko-eksplozivnim sredstvima. Hr- Faculty ofVeterinary Medicine, University of vatske šume 3, 34:8 Zagreb. Zagreb, Croatia, 150pp. Vukelić , M. 1999. Minirana područja Uprave šuma Huber , Đ. and Frković , A. 1993. Brown bear Gospić. Šumarski list, 123: 382-387. management in Croatia. IUGB Congress. 21: 287-292, Halifax. SUMMARY: The effect of the first three years (1990-1992) war in Croatia on wild animals has been reported by Frković (1993), Mikuska (1993), Raguž i Grubeš ić (1993) and Huber (1993). This study reports on the mortality of European brown bears (Ursus arctos,) in Croatia during the entire duration of war (1991 - 1995) and the first post-war year (1996). Croatia has been estimated to host 400 European brown bears (Ursus arctosj before the Homelandwar started in 1991 (Huber and Frković 1993). The initial and not fully confirmed data indicate the during the war and the first post-war year at least 5 7 bears died in relation to the war in the area of Lika and Gorski kotar covering roughly 6,000 km´, where some 350 of Croatian bears lived before the war (Figure 2). Legal hunting has been excluded from this statistics. Forty-one (72%) bears were adults and 16 (28%) cubs and sub adults (Table 1, Figure 2). Among adult bears 11 (27%)) were males, 9 (22%) females and 21 (51%)) of undetermined sex. The known immediate causes of bear deaths were: 10 (17%) by shooting on the fire line during combats, troop and patrol movements, or soldiers on guard, 14 (25%) by land mines and shelling, 20 (35%) by intentional illegal shooting with military weapons, and 13 (23%)) by den disturbances, captures of live cubs and vehicle collisions. Bears with severe body defects still may be seen in Gorski kotar. Rough estimates indicate that the war and post-war bear loses caused a population drop of 5 -30% (Frko v i ć 1997). It is not yet possible to evaluate the full influence of war related disturbances on the bear reproduction, horizontal and vertical migrations, as well as the impact on the entire population. The bear habitat in Croatia suffered local destruction (Figure 5) but doesn ´t seem to have suffered significant overall loses due to the war (Figure 6). This raises optimism that the bear population will recover from the war related mortality. Present attention has to be paid to other threats for long-term survival of brown bears in Croatia and neighboring countries within the Dinara Mountains range. K ey w o rds: European brown bear (Ursus arctos), Mountainous Croatia, Homeland war, land mines, shelling, illegal killing, mortality. |