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J. Vukelić i D. Baričević: NOVIJE FITOCENOLOŠKE SPOZNAJE O BUKOVIM ŠUMAMA U HRVATSKOJ SUMMARY: The paper deals with a phytocoenological analysis and comparison of beech forest communities in the sub-montane and montane belt in Croatia. These communities have been treated and described in past phytocoenological literature in different ways. Based on the analysis of over 250 phytocoenological recordings (130 recordings are given in Table 1) from Gorski Kotar and Lika, to north-western Croatia and Slavonian hills and eastwards to Požeška Gora and Babja Gora, four associations with the following systematic position have been found: Alliance Aremonio-Fagion (I. Horvat 1938) Torok, Podani et Borhidi 1989 Associations Lamio orvalae-Fagetum (I^Horvat 1938) Borhidi 1963 Hacquetio-Fagetum Kosir 1962 Vicio oroboidi-Fagetum (I. Horvat 1938) Pocs et Borhidi I960 Alliance Fagion sylvaticae Laquet 1926 em. Lohm. et R. Tx. in R. Tx 1954 Association Carici pilosae-Fagetum Oberdorfer 1957 Beech forest with deadnettle (Lamio orvalae-Fagetum,) grows only in the Dinarids and in the north-westernmost part of Croatia at 400 to 800 m, but not in the rest of the Pannonian uplands, as was thought earlier. It is characterised by the wealth oflllyrian, and especially Dinaric species, which differentiate it from other beech communities. It contains the characteristic species Lamium orvala, as well as the Illyrian species occurring over the entire Croatian range: Dentaria enneaphyllos, Aremonia agrimonoides, Cyclamen purpurascens, Hacquetia epipactis, Daphne laureola and Euonymus latifolia. The community does not have a uniform composition in its overall distribution range. Two variants can be identified in Croatia: the southern in the Dinaric part, which can be determined as the variant Calamintha grandiflora, and the northern in the hills of north-western Croatia, characterised by the species Corydalis cava. The differentiating species of the Dinaric variant, apart from large flowered calamint (Calamintha grandiflora L.), are Rhamnus alpinus ssp. fallax, Omphalodes verna, Lonicera alpigena and Scopolia carniolica. In the northern part of the range (the Corydalis cava variant/ these species occur rarely or are completely absent (except on Moslavačka Gora), and their differentiating species are Corydalis cava, Ruscus hypoglossum, Vicia oroboides, Dentaria trifolia, Euphorbia dulcis, Paris quadrifolia and some more thermophilic species. In general, it can be concluded that, not counting beech-fir forests, the range of this community coincides with the range of the species Lamium orvala (Figure 1). The second association of beech forest with hacquetia (Hacquetio- Fagetum^ grows in the north-west of Croatia as a zonal community on the carbonate base, most frequently on neutrophilic, slightly drier soils at a transition from the hilly to the mountainous area and in the lower part of the mountainous belt at slightly lower (400-700), drier terrains than the previous association. The characteristic species are Hacquetia epipactis, Primula vulgaris and Aposeris foetida. There is a large number of differentiating Illyrian species, but towards the Slavonian uplands to the east, where the range of this community ends, their number and participation decline (Lamium orvala, Hacquetia epipactis, Cardamine trifolia/ The species of other systematic units are also less frequent and include, for example, Prenanthes purpurea, Gentiana asclepiadea, Lilium martagon, Phyteuma spicatum, Phyllitis scolopendrium and others. Thus, for the moment, the range area of this beech forest is limited to north-western Croatia. Beech forest with wood bitter-vetch (Vicio oroboidi-Fagetumj occurs most frequently on dystric cambisol of a mildly acid reaction, on metamorphic and Šumarski list br. 9-10, CXXV1 (2002), 439-457 |