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ŠUMARSKI LIST 3-4/2003 str. 57     <-- 57 -->        PDF

D. Ballian: PROCJENA GENETIČKE VARIJABILNOSTI OBIČNE JELE {Abies alba Mill.) ANALIZOM ...
SUMMARY: The research was used to establish molecular genetic variability
of some populations of silver fir in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina
(Vranića, Meka Brda, Gorski Kotar - adult, Gorski Kotar -juvenile, Crni Vrh,
Čabulja, Biokovo, Orjen) using the analysis of isoenzymes. Apart from large
populations such as the ones from Vranića, Meka Brda, Gorski Kotar -adult,
Gorski Kotar -juvenile, the focus of the research was on smaller populations


from the sub-Mediterranean areas (Biokovo, Orjen), so that their relationship
with the populations from the central part of natural ranges from Croatia and
Bosnia and Herzegovina could be established. One population from the
Pannonian population (Crni Vrh) was also studied.


The above research is also important as it points to future work of reestablishing
silver fir forests (replanting and seed sowing) and setting up
banks and gene archives using both in situ and ex situ methods.


The analysis of isoenzymes, the level of heterozygote (He) and multi-locus
differences (Vgen) show that there are differences between the studied populations,
particularly those between small isolated populations and large populations.


By analysing 16 isoenzyme locus genes, the existence of statistically
important differences between the studied populations have been established.
Cline variability was also found for the silver fir.


It has been established that gene loci Pgi-A, Got-A, Sdh-A are characteristic
for the silver fir from the Balkan area while gene loci Fest-A are characteristic
for southern Italy or central European area.


The higher value of heterozygotes of the studied populations compared to
the populations of silver fir in Western Europe shows that the studied populations
have not lost much of their genetic potential to adaptability, as they are
not far removed from their glacial refuge. This seems to be due to the fact that
these populations are sturdier than the populations of Western Europe as they
posses enough genetic variability.


In order to maintain genetic resources, a better network of gene banks
both in situ and ex situ should be established. This means that each ecological
niche important for silver fir should have its own gene bank with a responding
number of units so that ecological-physiological traits could be preserved.


With regard to management and regeneration of natural resources, natural
methods combined with constant monitoring of genetic structures and differences
should always be favoured. Measures should be undertaken to preserve
the genetic variability that characterises each population.


Future research should focus on other populations of silver fir in Croatia
and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and an optimal number of units should be set
up per sample. Management practices should be constantly monitored and
directed at maintaining the genetic differences of local populations.
Moreover, extensive experiments should be carried out to study eco-physiological
characteristics of silver fir.


The used methods provide a good picture of the genetic structure of the
populations, the basis of which could serve to determine measures to be
undertaken in order to preserve the genetic resources of the studied populations
as compared to the results obtained from morphometric research.


Šumarski list br. 3-4. CXXV11 (2003). 135-151