DIGITALNA ARHIVA ŠUMARSKOG LISTA
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ŠUMARSKI LIST 13/2003 str. 66 <-- 66 --> PDF |
V. Topic: ŠUMSKA VEGETACIJA NA KRŠU KAO ZNAČAJAN ČIMBENIK ZAŠTITE TLA OD EROZIJE Šumarski list SUPLEMF.NT (2003). 51-64 rents, with the entire mouth area of 3.235 km2, what makes it one of the biggest torrent areas in Croatia. Soil loss, that is the quantities that go away and are lost for ever into the Adriatic sea, is estimated at 1.140 hectares a year. Since the soil, as an indispensable natural resource, is produced very slowly and with difficulties, the question of its protection is of utmost importance. Having these reasons in mind, the Institute for the Adriatic cultures and karst amelioration in Split, started in 1964 with the scientific research dealing with the protection of soil from erosion, and in 1971 founded the first experimental plots with measuring instruments in the mouth of the torrent Suvava, where the erosion has been observed, aiming to obtain original data about important characteristics of soil erosion by water using modern methods. The plots are on various inclinations, with different geologic and pedologic characteristics and under different plant cover. The investigations have been extended to the forests of evergreen oak and aleppo pine in the Eumediterranean karst area. This paper presents the results of investigation of influence of stands of black pine fPinus nigra Am.) and aleppo pine fPinus halepensis Mill.) on the protection of soil from erosion caused by rain. The investigations were done in the mouth of the torrent Suvava near Muć on experimental plots B4 and B5 with old stands of black pine, at the inclination of 32° and in the mouth of torrent Rupotine by Solin on experimental plots B8 and B9 in saved and burned stands of aleppo pine, at the inclination of 28 and 22°. The average annual values of surface flow off were stated, which in old and open stands of black pine with completely preserved humus accumulative horizon with thick grass cover on the inclination of 32° (plots B4) amounts to 15,87 mm/m2 (158,7 mVha), with the coefficient of flow off 0,015 and soil loss of 0,0121 t/ha, and in the stands of black pine of full canopy and without gross cover, on the inclination 32° (plot B5), the surface flow off amounts to 28,51 mm/m2 (285,1 mVha), with the coefficient of flow of 0,027 and soil loss of 0,0229 t/ha. In preserved stands of full canopy aleppo pine, on the inclination of 28° (plot Bg), the surface flow off amounts to 6,88 mm/m2 (68,8m3/ha), with the coefficient of flow off 0,0087 and soil loss of 0,043 t/ha, and on the burned area on the inclination of 22° (plot B9), the surface flow off amounts to 37,81 mm/m2 (378,1 m3/ha), with the coefficient of flow off 0,0478 and soil loss of 19,927 t/ha. The results show that the soil loss by erosion on burned forest area on the inclination of 22° is 463 times greater than under preserved stands of aleppo pine on the inclination of 28°. Key words: karst, erosion, the mouth of the torrent Suvava, the mouth of the torrent Rupotine, experimental plots B4, B;, B8 and B9, stands of black pine, stands of aleppo pine, burned areas, rainfall, surface flow off soil loss. |