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ŠUMARSKI LIST 13/2003 str. 66     <-- 66 -->        PDF

V. Topic: ŠUMSKA VEGETACIJA NA KRŠU KAO ZNAČAJAN ČIMBENIK ZAŠTITE TLA OD EROZIJE Šumarski list SUPLEMF.NT (2003). 51-64
rents, with the entire mouth area of 3.235 km2, what makes it one of the biggest
torrent areas in Croatia. Soil loss, that is the quantities that go away and are
lost for ever into the Adriatic sea, is estimated at 1.140 hectares a year. Since
the soil, as an indispensable natural resource, is produced very slowly and
with difficulties, the question of its protection is of utmost importance. Having
these reasons in mind, the Institute for the Adriatic cultures and karst amelioration
in Split, started in 1964 with the scientific research dealing with the
protection of soil from erosion, and in 1971 founded the first experimental
plots with measuring instruments in the mouth of the torrent Suvava, where the
erosion has been observed, aiming to obtain original data about important
characteristics of soil erosion by water using modern methods. The plots are
on various inclinations, with different geologic and pedologic characteristics
and under different plant cover. The investigations have been extended to the
forests of evergreen oak and aleppo pine in the Eumediterranean karst area.


This paper presents the results of investigation of influence of stands of
black pine fPinus nigra Am.) and aleppo pine fPinus halepensis Mill.) on the
protection of soil from erosion caused by rain. The investigations were done
in the mouth of the torrent Suvava near Muć on experimental plots B4 and B5
with old stands of black pine, at the inclination of 32° and in the mouth of torrent
Rupotine by Solin on experimental plots B8 and B9 in saved and burned
stands of aleppo pine, at the inclination of 28 and 22°. The average annual
values of surface flow off were stated, which in old and open stands of black
pine with completely preserved humus accumulative horizon with thick grass
cover on the inclination of 32° (plots B4) amounts to 15,87 mm/m2 (158,7
mVha), with the coefficient of flow off 0,015 and soil loss of 0,0121 t/ha, and
in the stands of black pine of full canopy and without gross cover, on the
inclination 32° (plot B5), the surface flow off amounts to 28,51 mm/m2 (285,1
mVha), with the coefficient of flow of 0,027 and soil loss of 0,0229 t/ha.


In preserved stands of full canopy aleppo pine, on the inclination of 28°
(plot Bg), the surface flow off amounts to 6,88 mm/m2 (68,8m3/ha), with the
coefficient of flow off 0,0087 and soil loss of 0,043 t/ha, and on the burned
area on the inclination of 22° (plot B9), the surface flow off amounts to 37,81
mm/m2 (378,1 m3/ha), with the coefficient of flow off 0,0478 and soil loss of
19,927 t/ha.


The results show that the soil loss by erosion on burned forest area on the
inclination of 22° is 463 times greater than under preserved stands of aleppo
pine on the inclination of 28°.


Key words: karst, erosion, the mouth of the torrent Suvava, the mouth
of the torrent Rupotine, experimental plots B4, B;, B8 and B9, stands of black
pine, stands of aleppo pine, burned areas, rainfall, surface flow off soil loss.