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ŠUMARSKI LIST 13/2005 str. 164     <-- 164 -->        PDF

F.. Klimo, J. Kulhavy: TI IF ROLF, OF FLOODPLAIN FORESTS IN SOUTHERN MORAVIA .Šumarski list SUPLEMENT (2005), 155-164


found in Ca, Na, K, Mg and Si02. S wan k (1987) also
states that for example, in the clear-felling system of
regeneration evapotranspiration is reduced, runoff
increases and at the same time, exports of nutrients
increase. A process of the transport and storage of nutrients
in a forest ecosystem includes several partial
processes. In the assessment of the role of a forest for
the preservation of quality of forest resources it is necessary
to pay attention to these partial processes. These
are:


> input of elements in precipitation to the surface of a
forest stand canopy,


> crown interactions (canopy filtration effect, reaction
with dry depositions, leaching of nutrients
from plant tissues, etc.),


> input of nutrients in throughfall,
> input of nutrients in stemflow,
> changes in the quality of water penetrating through


the soil profile,
> output of elements from the ecosystem.
The area of floodplain forests of southern Moravia
in the alluvium of the Morava and Dyje rivers occurs
under considerable anthropogenic impact, water in rivers,
oxbows and also ground waters are polluted particularly
by intensive agriculture and food industry. Preservation
of the quality of ground water is of great importance
because it is also used as the sources of drinking
water.


2. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
2.1 General description of the study area
The Morava river flowing into the Danube above
Bratislava is an important tributary in the central part
of the Danube influencing the river both from the viewpoint
of discharge and water quality. The Morava river
watershed is a natural territorial unit situated on the
dividing line of the Bohemian Uplands, Western Carpathians
and Panonian Province belonging, from


the point of hydrology, to the Black Sea Basin. The
area of the territory of the Czech Republic, the Slovak
Republic and of Austria amounts to 24 000 km" accounting
for 3 % of the Danube watershed.


Floodplain forests in the region under study cover
about 7500 ha. Species composition in the ecosystems is
as follows: oak 37 %, ash 34 %, alder and willow 4 %,
poplar 7.5 %, other broadleaves 17.5 % and conifers


0.5 %. Other broadleaves are represented by maple, elm,
hornbeam and lime (Fig. 1).
Changes in the natural hydrological regime, extensive
hydroenginecring works on the lower reaches of
rivers, and the fact that the basins of the Morava and
the Dyje include the densely inhabited areas of the Brno,
Zlin and Olomouc agglomerations, as well as industrial
areas and intensively farmed lands with agricultural
processing industries result in the considerable
pollution of the watercourses and their rapid eutrophication.
The release and washing of materials, deterioration
in the water quality are reflected mainly in the
oxygen regime, nitrates, the content of soluble and insoluble
materials, and certain specific mineral components.
Major sources of pollution are processing
plants such as sugar refineries and starch factories
which in the autumn months, ie at a time when the self-
cleaning effect of watercourses is at its lowest, considerably
worsen the water quality.


2.2 Methods
To fulfil the objectives the research is orientated as
follows:


The condition of forest vegetation and element
accumulation (N, P) in particular components of the
floodplain forest ecosystem.


2.3 Nitrogen and phosporus budget
For same ecosystems, a heterogeneous development
of some components of nutrient cycling is typical.
It also applies to the majority of forest ecosystems.
For example, the cycling of elements within the ecosystem
under study was strongly affected by high inputs
of elements resulting from regular floods and mud rich
in nutrients deposited on the soil surface. Although this


Atmospheric input of N and P, their transport from
vegetation into soil and N and P transport into the
soil solution.


Uptake of N and P by vegetation.


within the floodplain forest ecosystem


process has been interrupted by technical improvements
of the water regime, it still affects the level of
primary production and thus results in a greater turnover
of particular nutrients especially nitrogen.


The position of the floodplain forest ecosystem within
the landscape has also gradually changed. The neighbouring
grassland (photo) and forest ecosystems ha