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| ŠUMARSKI LIST 13/2005 str. 59 <-- 59 --> PDF |
PRESENTATION AT THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM Šumarski list -SUPLEMENT (2005), 51-60 THE INFLUENCE OF FORESTS AND VEGETATION ON EROSION AND FLOOD CONTROL OF LANDSCAPE Vaclav TLAPÄK, Jakub CASKA, Jaroslav HERYNEK* ABSTRACT: The effects of forest and vegetations in erosion and flood control in landscape are asserted by interception, surface accumulation and especially by uphold of infiltration and recharges. Thickness, structure, loose and integrity of humus and arable horizons have dominance. Physical and biochemical parameters of top soil horizons cooperate. Hydrological quality of soil surfaces are inferred by method of pluviological curves. This method makes possible to define potential recharge, infiltration, surface water accumulation and runoff. The method can be used for determination of potential quantities of splash erosion in relation to effects of vegetation covers. By this way can be objectified effects of forests and vegetation in erosion and flood situations. IMPORTANCE AND EXTENT OF PREVENTION The base for erosion and flood control in small riForest percentage of Czech is 34 % (2,643,058 ha). vers and torrents watersheds is prevention. Effect of Forests in water protection zones make up 15 % prevention is given by theoretical and practical experi( 400,000 ha) of forest land in Czech. Over 1/3 of them ence of small watersheds hydrology, intensively used was damaged by immissions in recent years. Forests in for forestry and agricultural production. It is effect of head water areas represents 26 % (700,000 ha) of foregulation and co-ordination of all activities and mearest land in Czech (Krečmer, 1988). sures in potentially endangered watersheds in contex In wooded watersheds of Czech is constructed 9,500 ture at safety transposition of extreme flow. Prevention km of paved forest roads and about 53,000 km of earth is usually les expansive then correction of flood dama logging and skidding roads. Crude guess of total length ges. Important is also geographical position, in case of of permanent and temporary roads is about 100,000 km. the Czech Republic, at main European watershed divi At agricultural land it is about 200-250,000 km of de and results of erosion and flood situations for adja roads. Watercourses in cadastral evidence represent cent states (Austria, Germany, Hungary, Poland, and another 60,700 km of concentrated runoff paths. We ex Slovak). All above mentioned facts validate relevance pected that total length of runoff paths could by mini and reason of systematic, sophisticated and strictly mally 100,000 km. multidisciplinary outlook on complex solution of common or specific problems. EFFECTS OF FOREST STANDS AND SOILS ON RAINFALL AND RUNOFF Formation of runoffs from watershed is basically thickness, composition, form, aeration and integrity of affected by ways, intensity and land use of area, by humus layer. It is synergy of thickness and quality of top soil horizons and their physical, chemical and bio * Prof. Ing. Vaclav Tlapdk, CSc , Ing. Jakub Caska, Prof. Ing. logical parameters. Retention abilities of watershed are Jaroslav Herynck, CSc , Üstav tvorby a ochrany krajiny (Ustav very important retardation factors in situations of rain lesnickych staveb a melioraci). Lesnickä a drevarskä" fakulta MZLU v Brne, Zemedelskä 3, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic. storms or local long-duration rains. Other attributes li Tel.: +420 5454 134 094; Fax: +420 545 134 083; E-mail: tlapak@mcndelu.cz ke interception of vegetation covers, especially forest Tel.:+420 5454 134011; Fax:+420 545 134 083; E-mail: caska@email.cz Tel.: +420 5454 134 090; Fax: +420 545 134 083; E-mail: sylva@mendelu.cz covers, all surface accumulations and retentions and |