DIGITALNA ARHIVA ŠUMARSKOG LISTA
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| ŠUMARSKI LIST 13/2005 str. 68 <-- 68 --> PDF |
K. Gubka: TUF, STRUCTURE OK TUE FOREST STAND WITH A SOU- CONSERVATION FUNCTION ... Šumarski list SUI´LEMHNT (2005). 61-6« The tree species representation has changed only a little. The soil on the whole forest stand can be characterized as susceptible to erosion. Physical, colour, and chemical soil attributes change with the altitude. Application of silvicultural treatments aimed at the improvement the forest stand structure and preservation of a permanent functional efficiency appears very actual. The proposal of measures must be based on a synthesis of knowledge on forest stand structure, technical and economic possibilities and planning objectives. The goal in this locality is to achieve an ecosystem, which will be capable to ensure the erosion-control function as much as possible. This means avoiding clearcuts and uniform shelterwood system, make tree felling on snow or on frozen soil, avoid gravity skidding preferring cableways, to support natural generative and also vegetative regeneration. In case of insufficient natural regeneration the goal is to ensure subsequent generation by artificial or combined regeneration. The final target is achieving vertically and horizontally differentiated forest stands with differentiated height, diameter, age and species structure, which will be able to fulfill the erosion- control function. INTRODUCTION The locality Pusty hrad near Zvolen represents an essential component of the town panorama. It is connected to the oldest era of settlement in this region. According to archaeological research, this locality has been settled since about 2500-2100 BC. The amenity of the confluence of the two rivers Hron and Slatina predestined Zvolen to be a trading and military center in this area. After building the new castle and declaration the town Zvolen a royal town, the value of the old castle started to decline. Nowadays an intensive archaeological research is being done in the locality. The locality is an important tourist destination and is accessed by paths and forest roads. The whole massif of Pusty hrad is situated in southwestern part of Zvolen on the boundary between the extravilan and the intravilan. From the geomorphological view, it is situated at the northwestern limit of the mountain range Javorie. The bedrock is made up by andesite tuffs and tuffits. The altitude of Pusty hrad is given by ground elevation 571 m a.s.l. in the Southwest and ground elevation 478 m a.s.l. in the Northeast. The altitude of the confluence of the rivers is 110 m a.s.l. The forest ecosystems on the slopes of the mentioned locality fulfill important ecological and environmental functions, among which soil conservation and erosion control are notable. The slope inclination ranges from 40 to over 100 %, so that water erosion is an actual threat. MATERIAL AND Previous studies indicate that the erosion-control function is most efficiently ensured by forest stands with multi-layer vertical architecture formed of autochtonous site-adapted species (Mayer 1976, Pobedinskij Krečmer 1984, Midriak 1981, KorpeT 1989, Popič 1989, Gubka 1996, Reh 1997). This information should be understood in the context of environment features. In many cases, erosion- control and soil-conservation functions are sufficiently provided by forest stands made up by species which are not autochthonus at the given locality but they exhibit high static stability and suitable physiological and/or morphological traits. A multi-layer forest stand considerably decreases the kinetic energy of rain drops at its impact on soil and prevents erosion. A multi-layer forest stand with its above ground and underground parts ensures fluent and safe transit of surface rainfalls into subsurface wa ter what is important not only for soil conservation but also for water management. The aim of this study is to analyze the structure of a particular forest stand with soil-conservation and erosion- control functions and to suggest suitable silvicultural treatments to prevent decreasing functional efficiency of the monitored ecosystem. METHODOLOGY The locality Pusty hrad is situated on forest ground-ighbourhood of this locality. The compartment 186 managed by the enterprise Forests of the Town Zvolen, which is the object of our analysis faces the town. DiLtd.. The archaeological works require a differentiated rectly beneath this stand, there are the important road approach to the management of forest stands in the ne-and rail communications, bridges and overbridges, po |