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SUMMARY: Occasionally, antlerless red deer stags, showing complete
absence of antlers or possessing only antler knobs, can be observed. In the
English literature, antlerless red deer stags are referred to as hummels. In this
paper we present the case of a red deer hummel shot during the ruting season
of 1981, in the area of Sokolovac, Croatia. The stag was aged at 5 years and
weighed approximately 200 kg (undressed). The stag possessed only small
pedicles and almost completely lacked antlers. Only small knobs of antler
bone were present bilaterally. Furthermore, a discrepancy in height between
left (length 17 mm) and right (length 35 mm) cranial outgrowth was observed.
In the literature, the occurrence of antlerless red deer stags is mainly attributed
to under- or malnutrition during the first year of life when pedicle development
takes place, and a resulting underdevelopment of the pedicles.
Because growth of antlers (at a normal rate) only starts after the pedicles have
reached a critical size, insufficient growth of pedicles will result in a completely
antlerless condition or, as in the present case, in the formation of only a very
small amount of antler bone. However, also other factors could result in insufficient
pedicle growth. As pedicle growth depends on androgenic stimulation,
low levels of circulating androgens or a low density of androgen receptors in
the antlerogenic periosteum could lead to poor pedicle growth and in consequence
to a complete or almost complete lack of antler growth


al ost co plete lack of antler gro th.
Key words: red deer


hummel, pedicle, antler, incomplete development