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D. Ballian: GENETIČKE STRUKTURE OBIČNE JELE (Abies alba Mill.) IZ ZAPADNE I ISTOČNE BOSNE Šumarski list br. 9–10, CXXXIII (2009), 501-512 Urlich, B.1989: Effect of acid precipitation on forest ecosystems in Europe,Advances in Enviromental Science, 27: 189–272. Usčuplić, M. 1992: Uticaj sistema gazdovanja na pojavu imele (Viscum albumL.), Glasnik šumarskog fakulteta u Beogradu. str. 7–18. Usčuplić, M., M. Dautbašić, T. Treštić, E. Selman, O. Mujezinović, T. Nišić, B. Jo kanović,2007: Bolesti i štetnici obične jele (Abies alba Mill.) u Bosni i Hercegovini. Društvo za zaštitu bilja u BiH. Sarajevo, str 115. Wentzel, K.F.1980:Weißtanne = immissionsempfind- lichste heimische Baumart. Algemeine Forst-Zeitschrift 35: 373–374. Ziegenhagen,B., B.Fady,V.Kuhlenkanp, S. Liepelt,2005: Diferentiating Groups ofAbies SpeciesWith a Simple Molecular Marker. Silvae Genetica 54(3): 123–126. SUMMARY: Molecular and genetic analysis of Silver Fir (Abies albaMill.) was carried out by acknowledged and verified biochemical markers. Analysed material is from 10 natural populations out of which five populations is from eastern and five from western Bosnia. Conducted genetic analysis using 9 enzyme systems and 17 alozyme gene loci with 44 alleles showed differences between western and eastern populations of Silver Fir. Variability at some gene loci showed clinal character, although situation at the filed is such that it is very difficult to make a right conclusion. However, some populations from both groups showed certain degree of similarity for certain gene loci due to hybrid zone of Silver Fir where two glacial refugia in western Bosnia are met. Average number of alleles per loci ranged from 1,65 at Očevija to 2,17 at Oštrelj population, while average number of genotypes per loci ranged from 2,00 at Očevija to 2,88 at Glamoč population. The same ratio was in diversities (Vgem and Vp) while biggest differentiation was in Glamoč population with 0,1984. Some analysed populations in their genetic structure contain rare alleles what is highly appreciated in later identification of same populations. Detailed analyses on those populations with bigger sample should show right condition. That identification of rare alleles would be used for identification of reproductive material, and during conducting management measures. Positive values of fixation index in analysed populations in relation to population from central Europe showed that it is necessary to manage them in a more subtle way, because in future they could lose much of their genetic potential for adaptation, although they are not distant from their original refugium in the Balkan, while situation with Apennine refugium is different due to distance. However, analysed populations still have enough genetic variability, as observed in Glamoč population. Methods with biochemical markers, which are used to determine genetic structure in Silver Fir, gave good image on analysed populations as well as on entire distribution of this species in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Obtained precise results enable us to recommend necessary measures for preserving genetic sources. Obtained results will ensure good basis for control of reproductive material in Silver Fir, as well as for conducting activities for its conservation using in situ and ex situ methods. Thus, activities in regards to maintaining autochthonic genetic sources should be directed to organisation of denser networks of gene banks, in situ and ex situ, which will be necessary to maintain genetic diversity of populations of Silver Fir having in mind that it is quite endangered in western Bosnia. Based on all that, we can recommend that every ecological niche of Silver Fir should have its gene bank with minimal number of necessary fertile units whose genetic structure was checked in order to successfully preserve ecological and physiological characteristics. This research encompasses genetic structure of Silver Fir in Bosnia and Herzegovina and genetic regional division of this species can be done. Further attention should be directed to distinction of provenances, and activities should be focused on experiments with provenances with the purpose of experimental regional division by analysing their ecological and physiological characteristics. |