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ŠUMARSKI LIST 7-8/2010 str. 83     <-- 83 -->        PDF

M. Glavendekić: PARASITOIDS AND HYPERPARASITOIDS OF ERANNIS DEFOLIARIACL. ... Šumarski list br. 7–8, CXXXIV (2010), 403-410


sion, the above tachinid parasitized 69% of host caterpillars.
Parasitoids are mainly dependent on the stage of caterpillars;
Braconidae and Chalcidoidaea prefer the
younger stages, while Ichneumonidae and Tachinidae
more often attack the third instars and older caterpillars.


Some of hyperparasitoids are very broad polyphages


(G. areator,Habrocytus chrysos, andPediobius folio rum),


so they were the subject of the study of the parasitoid complex
of various hosts: gypsy moth, brown-tail moth, leaf
rollers, etc.As it can be concluded from the above study
results, parasitoids and hyperparasitoids are predominantly
polyphagous. Population density ofE.defoliariadepends
largely on its natural enemies, because they have a
significant influence on the population reduction.


CONCLUSIONS – Zaključci


1. The parasitoids in the following families were recorded
on E. defoliaria: Braconidae, Ichneumonidae,
Eulophidae, Torymidae, Trichogrammatidae,
Scelionidae andTachinidae. There are altogether 16
species reared from various stages of the host.
2. Abundance of parasitoids depends on the phase of
host outbreak. In the phase of culmination, the markedly
dominant species areTachinidae; the abundance
of Eulophiadae is elevated, while Ichneumonidae dominate
in the latency.
3. Regarding their trophic characteristics, they are
mainly polyphagous with a wide spectre of hosts in
the group winter moths and order Lepidoptera.


4. Total parasitism of winter moths in natural conditions
varied from 16,33% to 33%.Total parasitism
in exposed conditions was from 27,27% to 43,75%.
5. Five species of hyperparasitoids ofE. defoliariafall
into the families Ichneumonidae,Perilampidae, Pteromalidae
and Eulophidae and they are polyphagous
species.
6. Recorded parasitoid-hyperparasitoid complex is related
to the host species in the belt of oak forests.
This indicates their co-evolutive relationship. The
coevolution between parasitoids and hyperparasitoids
toE. defoliariaoffers an ideal theoretic foundation
for the biological control.


ACKNOWLEDGEMENT– Zahvala
I would like to acknowledge tothank Prof. Dr. K. tification of particular species. Financial support for
Horstmann, Prof. Dr. J. Kolarov, Prof. Dr. L. Mihajlo-the research was given by Ministry of Sciences and
vić, Dr. Kozlov, Dr. Čapek and Dr.Tschorsnig for iden-Technologies Republic of Serbia.


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