DIGITALNA ARHIVA ŠUMARSKOG LISTA
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ŠUMARSKI LIST 9-10/2010 str. 43 <-- 43 --> PDF |
L. Šerić Jelaska,A. Ješovnik, S. D. Jelaska,A. Pirnat, M. Kučinić, P. Durbešić: VARIATIONS OF CARABID ... Šumarski list br. 9–10, CXXXIV (2010), 475-486 Table 4 Correlation coefficients between ant and carabid assemblages and habitat variables Tablica 4.Koeficijenti korelacije između sastava mrava i trčaka sa stanišnim čimbenicima Habitat variables /stanišne varijable Community features /osobine zoocenoza Habitat complexity score / kompleksnost staništa Plant richness / broj biljnih vrsta Altitude / visina Aspect (northness) Organic matter / organska tvar (%) Carabid richness /broj vrsta trčaka Carabid abundance /abundancija trčaka Carabid Shannon indeks /Shannon indeks trčaka r=-0.62 p=0.192 r=0.82 p=0.044 r=-0.25 p=0.637 r=0.04 p=0.946 r=0.66 p=0.157 r=0.15 p=0.780 r=0.84 p=0.035 r=-0.80 p=0.058 r=0.44 p=0.388 r=0.87 p=0.024 r=-0.85 p=0.031 r=0.73 p=0.102 r=0.57 p=0.239 r=-0.80 p=0.057 r=0.14 p=0.788 There was no correlation between the heterogeneity of vegetation structure and plant species richness. Habitat complexity was negatively correlated with altitude (r = -0.70;p=0.12) and with aspect (r = -0.77;p= 0.074). The same trend was found for ant richness, abundance and diversity indices for ants’ communities (Table 4). Carabid species richness was positively correlated with altitude and aspect, opposite to carabids abundance and ant assemblages (Table 4). Large and small bodied species showed opposite trends in their distribution across investigated sites. Large carabids were positively cor related with leaf litter cover (r= 0.81, p=0.05). Small carabids positively correspond with higher altitude (r= 0.89, p=0.018). The most abundant carabids wereA. parallelepipedus, A. paralellus, A. bombarda,C. nemoralisandC. ullrichi(Table 3) respectively, accounting for 37.16% of the total catch. The highest number of specimens, comprising 47.11% of all specimens, was captured in the most complex site (plot 1), though this plot recorded almost the lowest number of species (i.e. 18, as compared to the minimum of 17 on plot 2). On the contrary, the highest number of carabid species (27) was recorded on plot 4 (with the lowest habitat complexity score) but with the lowest abundance making only 4% of captured specimens. The highest number of ant species (14) and abundance (1126 specimens) was recorded on plot 1. The lowest number of ant species and their abundance was recorded on plots 4 and 5. 45% of them are woodland species and only 10% of sampled species prefer open habitats.The rest of them occur in both woodland and open habitats.Analyzing the functional groups, according toAndersen (1997), 65% of recorded species (13 species) are cold climate specialists (CCS), 3 species are opportunists (O), 3 of them are subordinate camponotini (SC) and 1 species belong to generalized Myrmecinae (GM). Presence of species representatives of all four groups were recorded on plot 1, only.M. ruginodis( opportunist) that was found on all plots had the highest abundance in the low complexity areas (plots 2 and 5).The abundance of opportunist ants was negatively correlated with canopy cover (r= -0.91, p=0.05). High correlations were found between ant abundance and richness with the amount of organic matter in the soil (Table 4). Organic matter content in the soil rise with higher altitude (r= 0.9, p=0.012). Cluster analyses of species composition on plots revealed differences in carabid assemblages between the southern (plots 1, 2, 3) and northern slopes (plots 4, 5, 6) of Mt. Medvednica (Figure 2). Some species such asCarabus convexus,Notiophilus rufipesandCarabus intricatuswere found exclusively on the southern slope of mountain, unlike Carabus irregularis,Notiophilus biguttatus, Molops elatus,Platyderus rufusand all of the collected species of the genusPterostichus, which were recorded exclusively on northern slope of the mountain. There was also a significant difference in number of collected ants on southern and northern slopes (2365 on south, 593 on north). Cluster analyses using Sorensen indices based on ants’species composition, separate the two highest plots, 4 and 5, from others (Figure 3).An ant speciesC. herculeanusis recorded for plot 4, which is 970 m high and has northern exposure.C. herculeanus has altitudinal range from 1000–1700 m, and boreal mountain distribution, with a very restricted area. It prefers coniferous mountain forests and can withstand very low temperatures, 38.5 oC below zero (Seifert2007). |