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ŠUMARSKI LIST 9-10/2010 str. 54 <-- 54 --> PDF |
M. Čas: DISTURBANCESAND PREDATION AT CAPERCAILLIE LEK HABITATS IN ALPS ... Šumarski list br. 9–10, CXXXIV (2010), 487-495 On the base of comparable research of another pre da-experiment at two hunting districts at Koprivna and Bi 2 tor species (red fox), influencing to the roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) population density with a negative impact on population dynamics (Čas 2008) we suggested that forest grouse species (capercaillie, black grouse, hasel grouse Bonasa bonasia L.) to be under strongest predator pressure too. Negative influences of red fox, martens and wild boar population dynamics on capercaillie population density was confirmed by results of significant cyclically relations from hunting statistics data in Slovenian lands since 1874 (Čas 2006). Confirmation in this study (Table 1, 2) permits predator number control (predator control) in these hunting association areas as urgent wildlife management measure for sustainable capercaillie (and roe deer) stabile populations (Budiansky 1995). In past two years the suggestion of predator control (Čas 2008) resulted in positive consequences in a pilot stra valleys (104.3 km).This narrow study areas represented optimal site for capercaillie habitats within a larger area of Koroška (Carinthia) in northern Slovenia (Peca – 2.126 m a.s.l. and Smrekovec – 1.684 m a.s.l. mountain). Our solution of predator control through the granting of hunters with one premium offspring roe deer or chamois for each ten foxes or five martens shot in one hunting season resulted in succesfull control with a total of up to four times increased number of shot foxes or martens per year.The increase of shot predators was most pronounced in winter time when the population is in general most vulnerable for density changes (Sandercock 2010) as it used to be in past times with a good sale of fur from these predators.Now a higher density of forest grouses and roe deer were observed in that area. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT – Zahvalnica The text preparation were supported by the Forest Biology, Ecology and Technology Research Programme (P4-0107), financed by the Slovenian ResearchAgency and V4 0175109 (1998-2000), V4-0492 (2008-2011) and V4-0497 (2008-2010) research projects funded by the Ministry ofAgriculture, Forestry and Food of the Republic of Slovenia (RS), the Ministry for Science and Technology of the RS, and the Ministry of the Environment and Spatial Planning of the RS.Wethank to hunters and foresters from the Slovenian Hunting Association (SHA) and the Slovenian Forestry Service (SFS) for their efforts at fieldwork on capercaillie birds counting and leks observations. We would like to thank Prof. Miha Adamič from Biotechnical faculty, Dep. of forestry in Ljubljana and to Prof. Marijan Grubešić from Forestry faculty in Zagreb for support in research, Dr. Primož Kmecl and Cilka Zupančič and especially to Dr. Tine Grebenc from the Slovenian Forestry Institute for fruitful cooperation on this paper. REFERENCES – Literatura Adamič,M., 1974. Gibanje številčnosti populacij neka terih vrst divjadi v Sloveniji v zadnjem stoletju, sodeč po gibanju odstrela. Zbornik Bio tehniške fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani,Veterinarstvo, 11, 1:15–53 (in Slovene with German summary). Adamič,M., 1987. Ekologija divjega petelina (Tetrao urogallus L.) v Sloveniji. Strokovna in znanstvena dela 93. Univerza Edvarda Kardelja v Ljubljani, VDO Biotehniška fakulteta, VTOZD za gozdarstvo, Ljubljana (in Slovene with Engish summary). Andrén, H., 1994. Effects of habitat fragmentation on birds and mammals in landscapes with different proportions of suitable habitat: a review. Oikos 71:355–366. Angelstam,P.,2004. Habitat thresholds and effects of forest landscape change on the distribution and abundance of black grouse and capercaillie. Ecol Bull 51: 173–187. Angelstam,P., M.Breuss, M.Cas, I.Fischer, R. Ploner, I. Storch, R. Summers, A. Zeitler,2001. Did rural hunting on generalist predators in past make life easier for grouse? Peca – Črna na Koroškem, Slovenia. Draft of project (unpublish): 7 p. Angelstam,P.,J.-M.Roberge,A.Lohmus, M. Bergmanis, G. Brazaitis, M. Dönz- Breuss, L.Edenius, Z.Kosinski,P.Kurlavicius, V. Larmanis, M. Lukins, G. Mikusinski, E. Račinskis, M. Strazds, P.Tryjanowski,2004. Habitat modelling as a tool for landscape-scale conservation – a review of parameters for focal forest birds. Ecological Bulletins 51: 427–453. Baines,D., R.Moos, D.Dugan,2004. Capercaillie breeding success in relation to forest habitat and predator abundance. Journal ofApplied Eco logy 41 (1): 59–71. Beškarev,A., A. Blagovidov, V. Teplov, O. Hjeljord,1995. Spatial distribution and habitat preference of male Capercaillie in the Pecho ra- Illich Nature Reserve in 1991 and 1992. The Sixth International Grouse Symposium, Udine, p.48–53. |