DIGITALNA ARHIVA ŠUMARSKOG LISTA
prilagođeno pretraživanje po punom tekstu



ŠUMARSKI LIST 9-10/2010 str. 54     <-- 54 -->        PDF

M. Čas: DISTURBANCESAND PREDATION AT CAPERCAILLIE LEK HABITATS IN ALPS ... Šumarski list br. 9–10, CXXXIV (2010), 487-495


On the base of comparable research of another pre da-experiment at two hunting districts at Koprivna and Bi


2


tor species (red fox), influencing to the roe deer
(Capreolus capreolus L.) population density with a negative
impact on population dynamics (Čas 2008) we
suggested that forest grouse species (capercaillie, black
grouse, hasel grouse Bonasa bonasia L.) to be under
strongest predator pressure too. Negative influences of
red fox, martens and wild boar population dynamics on
capercaillie population density was confirmed by results
of significant cyclically relations from hunting statistics
data in Slovenian lands since 1874 (Čas 2006). Confirmation
in this study (Table 1, 2) permits predator number
control (predator control) in these hunting association
areas as urgent wildlife management measure for sustainable
capercaillie (and roe deer) stabile populations
(Budiansky 1995).


In past two years the suggestion of predator control
(Čas 2008) resulted in positive consequences in a pilot
stra valleys (104.3 km).This narrow study areas represented
optimal site for capercaillie habitats within a
larger area of Koroška (Carinthia) in northern Slovenia
(Peca – 2.126 m a.s.l. and Smrekovec – 1.684 m a.s.l.
mountain). Our solution of predator control through the
granting of hunters with one premium offspring roe deer
or chamois for each ten foxes or five martens shot in one
hunting season resulted in succesfull control with a total
of up to four times increased number of shot foxes or
martens per year.The increase of shot predators was most
pronounced in winter time when the population is in general
most vulnerable for density changes (Sandercock
2010) as it used to be in past times with a good
sale of fur from these predators.Now a higher density of
forest grouses and roe deer were observed in that area.


ACKNOWLEDGEMENT – Zahvalnica


The text preparation were supported by the Forest
Biology, Ecology and Technology Research Programme
(P4-0107), financed by the Slovenian ResearchAgency
and V4 0175109 (1998-2000), V4-0492 (2008-2011)
and V4-0497 (2008-2010) research projects funded by
the Ministry ofAgriculture, Forestry and Food of the Republic
of Slovenia (RS), the Ministry for Science and
Technology of the RS, and the Ministry of the Environment
and Spatial Planning of the RS.Wethank to hunters
and foresters from the Slovenian Hunting Association
(SHA) and the Slovenian Forestry Service (SFS) for their
efforts at fieldwork on capercaillie birds counting and
leks observations. We would like to thank Prof. Miha
Adamič from Biotechnical faculty, Dep. of forestry in
Ljubljana and to Prof. Marijan Grubešić from Forestry
faculty in Zagreb for support in research, Dr. Primož
Kmecl and Cilka Zupančič and especially to Dr. Tine
Grebenc from the Slovenian Forestry Institute for fruitful
cooperation on this paper.


REFERENCES – Literatura


Adamič,M., 1974. Gibanje številčnosti populacij neka
terih vrst divjadi v Sloveniji v zadnjem stoletju,
sodeč po gibanju odstrela. Zbornik Bio tehniške
fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani,Veterinarstvo, 11,


1:15–53 (in Slovene with German summary).
Adamič,M., 1987. Ekologija divjega petelina (Tetrao
urogallus L.) v Sloveniji. Strokovna in znanstvena
dela 93. Univerza Edvarda Kardelja v
Ljubljani, VDO Biotehniška fakulteta, VTOZD
za gozdarstvo, Ljubljana (in Slovene with Engish
summary).
Andrén, H., 1994. Effects of habitat fragmentation
on birds and mammals in landscapes with different
proportions of suitable habitat: a review.
Oikos 71:355–366.
Angelstam,P.,2004. Habitat thresholds and effects
of forest landscape change on the distribution
and abundance of black grouse and capercaillie.


Ecol Bull 51: 173–187.
Angelstam,P., M.Breuss, M.Cas, I.Fischer,


R. Ploner, I. Storch, R. Summers, A.
Zeitler,2001. Did rural hunting on generalist
predators in past make life easier for grouse?


Peca – Črna na Koroškem, Slovenia. Draft of


project (unpublish): 7 p.


Angelstam,P.,J.-M.Roberge,A.Lohmus, M.
Bergmanis, G. Brazaitis, M. Dönz-
Breuss, L.Edenius, Z.Kosinski,P.Kurlavicius,
V. Larmanis, M. Lukins, G.
Mikusinski, E. Račinskis, M. Strazds,


P.Tryjanowski,2004. Habitat modelling as a
tool for landscape-scale conservation – a review
of parameters for focal forest birds. Ecological
Bulletins 51: 427–453.


Baines,D., R.Moos, D.Dugan,2004. Capercaillie
breeding success in relation to forest habitat
and predator abundance. Journal ofApplied Eco logy
41 (1): 59–71.


Beškarev,A., A. Blagovidov, V. Teplov, O.
Hjeljord,1995. Spatial distribution and habitat
preference of male Capercaillie in the Pecho ra-
Illich Nature Reserve in 1991 and 1992. The
Sixth International Grouse Symposium, Udine,


p.48–53.