DIGITALNA ARHIVA ŠUMARSKOG LISTA
prilagođeno pretraživanje po punom tekstu
ŠUMARSKI LIST 11-12/2010 str. 55 <-- 55 --> PDF |
P. Kovácsová, M. Antalová: PRECISION FORESTRY – DEFINITION AND TECHNOLOGIES Šumarski list br. 11–12, CXXXIV (2010), 603-611 Laser Rangefinder Instrument – The laser rangefinger is used for detecting distances and gradients between the instrument and an object. Principle of the laser rangefinder is based on laser beam, which is sent towards the object and measures the flight time of laser pulse reflected off the target. This tool is often combined with other device for example Fieldmap or video rangefinger instrument. Figure 1 Laser Rangefinder Instrument. Slika 1. Laserski daljinomjer. (Source/izvor: http://www.laserrangefinderreviews.org/) 2.2. Airborne and satellite remote sensing technology as LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) and IFSAR (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) – Tehnologije zračnog i satelitskog daljinskog istraživanja kao LIDAR I IFSAR These technologies have significant advantages because they are capable of collecting highly detailed data quickly from a large area with varying conditions at repeated time intervals. LIDAR offers us many different data products such as digital elevation model grid, contours, raw point data and intensity image. From data of IFSAR we are able to obtain almost similar products like from LIDAR however Orthorectified Radar Imagery (ORRI) is very significant data product of IFSAR. These products are used in Hydrology Modelling, Flood Risk Assessment, Land Use and Land Cover Mapping, Earth Crust Deformation Monitoring, Riparian Studies and Forestry Mapping. Mainly, LIDAR has an important role in precision forestry because of its accuracy and other advantages. Nowadays, it is one of the most used and researched new technologies in the world by which we have reached valuable and useful information related to Forestry Management and other branches as Shoreline and Beach Volume Changes, Flood Risk Analysis, Water-Flow Issues, Habitat Mapping, Subsidence Issues, Riparian Studies, Emergency Response, Transportation Mapping, Telecommunication Planning and Urban Development. Other airborne and satellite remote sensing technologies enable us to acquire data from high spatial resolution images, multi-spectral and hyperspectral images. In general, the remote sensing technologies are fast, accurate and cost-effective sources of data. 2.3. Real-time process control scanners – Procesni skeneri kontrole drva u realnom vremenu Tools of precision forestry which were previously mentioned provide information in real-time. They have hardware and software devices which can be used either directly in the forestry fieldwork (combination by GPS) or in the wood processing industry (sawmill). This group can be divided into tools for tree identification (RFID and Aroma tagging) and tools for wood material testing and measurement (UDD, CT). RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) – it is focused on identifying trees and timber via wireless means and on sensing properties of the tree/timber during the identification process. RFID is a tag on tree that can gather a wide variety of information about trees and wood in-situ and real-time (Wilson et al. 2001). UDD (Ultrasound decay detectors) – it is used to detect decay in trees. It measures ultrasound signal time of flight from the transmitter to the receiver across the diameter of a tree (Leininger etal. 2001). |