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ŠUMARSKI LIST 11-12/2010 str. 55     <-- 55 -->        PDF

P. Kovácsová, M. Antalová: PRECISION FORESTRY – DEFINITION AND TECHNOLOGIES Šumarski list br. 11–12, CXXXIV (2010), 603-611
Laser Rangefinder Instrument –
The laser rangefinger is used for detecting
distances and gradients between the instrument
and an object. Principle of the laser
rangefinder is based on laser beam, which
is sent towards the object and measures the
flight time of laser pulse reflected off the
target. This tool is often combined with
other device for example Fieldmap or
video rangefinger instrument.
Figure 1 Laser Rangefinder Instrument.


Slika 1. Laserski daljinomjer.


(Source/izvor: http://www.laserrangefinderreviews.org/)


2.2. Airborne and satellite remote sensing technology as LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging)
and IFSAR (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) –
Tehnologije zračnog i satelitskog daljinskog istraživanja kao LIDAR I IFSAR


These technologies have significant advantages because
they are capable of collecting highly detailed
data quickly from a large area with varying conditions
at repeated time intervals. LIDAR offers us many different
data products such as digital elevation model grid,
contours, raw point data and intensity image. From
data of IFSAR we are able to obtain almost similar products
like from LIDAR however Orthorectified Radar
Imagery (ORRI) is very significant data product of
IFSAR. These products are used in Hydrology Modelling,
Flood Risk Assessment, Land Use and Land
Cover Mapping, Earth Crust Deformation Monitoring,
Riparian Studies and Forestry Mapping.


Mainly, LIDAR has an important role in precision
forestry because of its accuracy and other advantages.


Nowadays, it is one of the most used and researched
new technologies in the world by which we have reached
valuable and useful information related to Forestry
Management and other branches as Shoreline and Beach
Volume Changes, Flood Risk Analysis, Water-Flow Issues,
Habitat Mapping, Subsidence Issues, Riparian Studies,
Emergency Response, Transportation Mapping,
Telecommunication Planning and Urban Development.


Other airborne and satellite remote sensing technologies
enable us to acquire data from high spatial resolution
images, multi-spectral and hyperspectral images.
In general, the remote sensing technologies are fast, accurate
and cost-effective sources of data.


2.3. Real-time process control scanners – Procesni skeneri kontrole drva u realnom vremenu
Tools of precision forestry which were previously
mentioned provide information in real-time. They have
hardware and software devices which can be used either
directly in the forestry fieldwork (combination by
GPS) or in the wood processing industry (sawmill).
This group can be divided into tools for tree identification
(RFID and Aroma tagging) and tools for wood material
testing and measurement (UDD, CT).


RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) – it is focused
on identifying trees and timber via wireless
means and on sensing properties of the tree/timber during
the identification process. RFID is a tag on tree
that can gather a wide variety of information about
trees and wood in-situ and real-time (Wilson et al.
2001).


UDD
(Ultrasound decay detectors) – it is used to
detect decay in trees. It measures ultrasound signal
time of flight from the transmitter to the receiver across
the diameter of a tree (Leininger etal. 2001).