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IZVORNI ZNANSTVENI ČLANCI – ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC PAPERSŠumarski list br. 9–10, CXXXV (2011), 437-448
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THE IMPACT OF SILVICULTURALTREATMENTS ON THE STRUCTURE
AND RED HEART FORMATION IN BEECH FORESTS


UTJECAJ ŠUMSKOUZGOJNIH ZAHVATANASTRUKTURU I
FORMIRANJE NEPRAVE SRŽI U BUKOVIM SASTOJINAMA


123


Vladimír RAČKO, Milan SANIGA, Igor ČUNDERLÍK


ABSTRACT: The issue of occurrence and size of red heart and the possibilities
of its limitation in beech assortments have been researched in worldwide
measures for a long time. There are many ecological, phenological,
geological factors which more or less influence its formation. The results of a
long-term research of different silvicultural treatment confirmed that a big
crown of crop trees creates conditions to achieve the target diameter with
a low assumption of red heart formation and so rises the quality and price of
produced assortments. The different shaping of tree crowns on two investigated
compartments had a significant impact on the size of dehydrated zone and
subsequently on the frequency of red heart. On the contrary, it did not have
a significant impact on the size of red heart, even though red hearts in the both
investigated forest stands were small. We also found the different qualitative
structure of assortments in both types of investigated compartments.


Key words:Fagus sylvaticaL., silvicultural methods, red heart formation,
sapwood, dehydrated zone


INTRODUCTION – Uvod
Red heart (RH) and growth stresses appearing in1969, 1973a, 1973b, Sachsse1991, Schmidtand
beech species are the main phenomena which influenceMehringer1989, Sorzand Hietz2008, Torelli
the quality of raw wood and so they decrease signifi-1984, Torelli2001,Zycha1948)etc.
cantly the financial value of the produced range of raw


Findings from the specialized literature point out that
wood (Beckeretal. 2005).The topic of RH formation


beech RH is subjected by, in fact, two main factors: for-
in beech wood species has been the subject of the rese


mation of the dehydrated zone (DZ) and by entering of
arch for long. There were published many extensive


air into this zone (Bosshard1974, Torelli1984,
monographs and papers about the structure, formation,


Torelli2001,Zycha1948).The absence of one of
and development of red heart from the viewpoint of


these factors excludes formation of RH. Decreasing of
physiology, macroscopic and microscopic changes of


vitality the parenchyma cells and breaking down ofthe
beech wood (Bosshard1967, 1968, Hösliand


water transport system in central part of a stem is a conBosshard1975,
Kochetal. 2003,Necesany1958,


sequence of decreasingphysiological activity of tree,
impacted mainly by ageing. Thiscentral DZisalso


1


Dr.Vladimír Račko,Technical University Zvolen, Faculty of


calledasa ripeormaturewood.Water/gaz ratioin the


Wood Sciences and Technology, Department of Wood Science,
T.G.Masaryka 24, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovak Republic;


vesselsof DZ isimportantfor a potentialRH formation
racko@vsld.tuzvo.sk


(Sachsse1967, Torelli1984).The wound of a trunk


2


Prof. Dr. Milan Saniga, Technical University Zvolen, Faculty of


and branches causes that air enters into vessel system of


Forestry, Department of Silviculture, T.G.Masaryka 24,
960 53 Zvolen, Slovak Republic; saniga@vsld.tuzvo.sk


sapwood (SW) and DZ.Thepenetration rateof airinto


3


Prof. Dr. Igor Čunderlík, Technical University Zvolen, Faculty


thezonesSW and DZ has different partialpressuresin
ofWood Sciences and Technology, Department of Wood


the stemandthe atmosphere(Bosshard1967, Zie-


Science,T.G.Masaryka 24, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovak Republic;


gler1968).The relatively vital parenchyma cells (adja


igor@vsld.tuzvo.sk