DIGITALNA ARHIVA ŠUMARSKOG LISTA
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ŠUMARSKI LIST 3-4/2013 str. 39     <-- 39 -->        PDF

1917 and during the World War II (Pavlides 1985) as well as the cutting of the Juniper branches by the local residents in order to make traps for the fish in Prespa Lakes (Catsadorakis 1995). In 2008, 430 goats, 670 sheep and 45 caws graze in the study area (data from the local veterinarian office). In the past, a lot more livestock was grazing in the area (information from elder residents).
In the pure J. excelsa stands there are also species such as Quercus macedonica, Juniperus oxycedrus, Quercus pubescens, Pyrus amygdaliformis, Carpinus orientalis, Acer monspessulanum and Juniperus foetidissima (Stampoulidis and Milios 2010).
Seedling density – Gustoća sadnica
In order to characterize a J. excelsa formation pure, the J. excelsa trees must create at least the 85–90 % of the estimated total canopy cover area. (here: estimated area that is covered by the projection of the canopy of trees – shrubs).
In the area where the pure stands of J. excelsa appear, two site types were distinguished. Site type A refers to the good site qualities (more or less productive sites of the area), whereas site type B refers to the medium site qualities (less productive sites) (see also Stampoulidis and Milios 2010). For the characterization of sites the soil depth, that was determined through soil profiles, was used (see Papalexandris and Milios 2010). In site type B the soil depth ranges approximately from 5 to 20–25 cm, and in site type A from 26–30 to 50 cm. The most (by far) J. excelsa formations are found in site type B (see also Stampoulidis and Milios 2010).
In each site type, there are sparse and dense J. excelsa stands and groups. In the sparse formations the estimated total canopy cover percentage (estimated total canopy cover area x 100/total area of J. excelsa formations) ranges from 30 to 40 %, while in the dense ones the estimated total canopy cover percentage ranges from 60 to 80 % (see also Stampoulidis and Milios 2010). In both sparse and dense stands and groups, the J. excelsa trees are found as scattered individuals or in small aggregations.
In addition, regardless of their total canopy cover percentage, the J. excelsa formations are differentiated by the height where the living foliage (LF) of trees (branches having living needles) appears. In almost all areas of site type B, all the trees are multi-stemmed and the LF of trees appears at ground level resulting in the creation of an impenetrable hemispherical or spherical crown. On the contrary, in a very small proportion of site type B areas, as well as in all areas of site type A, in a significant number of trees the height where the LF appears is 50–60 cm above the ground (see also Stampoulidis and Milios 2010).
Consequently, six structural types were distinguished: 1) sparse (STADS) and 2) dense (STADD) stands or groups in site type A where in a significant number of trees the LF appears in the height of 50–60 cm above the ground, 3) sparse (STBDS) and 4) dense (STBDD) stands or groups in site type B where in a significant number of trees the LF appears in the height of 50–60 cm above the ground, 5) sparse (STBDSGR) and 6) dense (STBDDGR) stands or groups in site type B where the LF of trees appears at ground level.