DIGITALNA ARHIVA ŠUMARSKOG LISTA
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| ŠUMARSKI LIST 5-6/2013 str. 92 <-- 92 --> PDF |
Saturnia pyri – veliko noćno paunče, golijat među domaćim leptirima i vrijedan element očuvanosti naših šuma Saturnia pyri – Great peacock moth, goliath among native moths and valuable proof of our preserved forests Boris Hrašovec Uvjerljivo najkrupnija europska vrsta leptira, veliko noćno paunče Saturnia pyri (Denis &. Schiffermüller, 1775), široko je rasprostranjena kozmopolitska vrsta koja obitava u različitim šumskim biotopima. Bez obzira na to, nije česta i usprkos svojim grandioznim dimenzijama (raspon krila može doseći i preko 15 cm) rijetko je viđamo obilnije. Događa se da je radi općenite vanjske sličnosti i dimenzija zamijenimo s unešenom vrstom, hrastovim japanskim prelcem (Antheraea yamamai Guérin-Méneville, 1861). Polifagna gusjenica velikog noćnog paunčeta također je krupna i rado se hrani lišćem šumskih voćkarica. Markantno obilježje imaga su lažne „oči”, po kojima je ovaj leptir i dobio ime, kako na hrvatskom tako i ostalim europskim jezicima gdje ga narod i struka prepoznaju. Ovo je obilježje inače svojstveno čitavoj grupi prelaca (Saturnidae), a evolucijski smisao ovakvih krilnih šara objašnjava se mimikrijskim načinom odvraćanja potencijalnih predatora. Najljepše ćemo ovo shvatiti naiđemo li na mirujućeg leptira noćnog paunčeta i dodirnemo li ga nježno prstom. Istoga trena leptir će raskriliti svoja krupna prednja krila i u nas će sada „zuriti” dva para „sovinih očiju”. Veliko noćno paunče svakako možemo smatrati vrijednim uresom naše entomofaune i znakom očuvanosti i prirodnosti šumskih staništa. Undoubtedly largest European moth species, Great peacock moth Saturnia pyri (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) is widely distributed cosmopolitan species thriving in various forest biotopes. In spite of its large area of appearance and huge size among insects (it can exceed 15 cm in wingspan) it is not too common and we rarely find it in larger numbers. It also happens that, based on general morphological similarities and large size, we misidentify it with the introduced Japanese oak silkmoth (Antheraea yamamai Guérin-Méneville, 1861). Polyphagous caterpillar of the Great peacock moth as also huge and readily feeds with leaves of forest fruit trees. An „eyecatching” feature of an adult moth are so called „fake eyes”, by which it was given name in Croatian as well as in other European languages where it is known to common people and professionals. This morphological feature, common in the whole group of Saturnidae, is interpreted evolutionary as a way of scaring potential predators by mimicking the eyes of real predators. One can best understand this by gently poking a resting adult of Giant peacock moth. It will react by spreading the fore wings and revealing two more circular spots which will now double the initial two and result with two pairs of “owl eyes” staring at us. This large and beautiful moth is to be considered as a valuable gem amid our diverse insect fauna and a sign of maintained preservability and naturalness of our forest biotopes. |