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ŠUMARSKI LIST 5-6/2014 str. 15 <-- 15 --> PDF

half of relevés were recorded Fraxinus ornus²^–³ (91 %), Cornus mas⁺^–³ (82 %), Rosa sp.⁺^–¹ (73 %), Acer monspessulanum⁺^–² and Ostrya carpinifolia⁺^–³ (both 55 %). Herb layer covers 30–90 % (Me = 60) of sampling plots where Sesleria autumnalis²^–⁴ (100 %) usually dominates. Beside S. autumnalis, in all the relevés Arabis turrita⁺^–², Campanula trachelium⁺^–³ and Hedera helix¹^–³were recorded. Acer monspessulanum⁺^–², Asparagus acutifolius⁺^–², Quercus pubescens⁺^–² (all 91 %), Campanula pyramidalis⁺^–², Fraxinus ornus⁺^–² (both 82 %), Ulmus minor⁺^–² (73 %), Carpinus orientalis¹^–², Melittis melissophyllum⁺^–², Viola hirta⁺^–² (all 64 %) and Epipactis sp.⁺^–¹ (55 %) occurred in more than half of the relevés.
Similarity between the stands (J) varies between 0,32 and 0,64 (average = 0,46), the relevés no. 3 (0,38) and 10 (0,44) being averagely the most distinct to the rest of relevés. According to the results of the PCA analysis (Fig. 3A), stands from Pihlja are grouped on the left, while stands from Vitra are grouped on the right side of the two-dimensional scatter diagram despite great overall similarity in floristic composition between the stands of both dolines. Nevertheless, ANOSIM yielded R = 0,6336 (p = 0,0042) and showed statistically significant differences between forest stands of the two dolines.
Forest typology
Results of the PCA analysis (Fig. 3B) as well as similarity and distance indices (Table 4) suggest great floristic similarity between studied forest stands of tectonic dolines and forest stands of the association Aristolochio luteae-Quercetum pubescentis from NW Adriatic (Italy and Slovenia – nos. 12 and 13 in Table 4; ED = 393 and 342, respectively) and Adriatic islands of Krk, Cres and Brač (no. 9; ED = 343). While the similarity index (J) also showed generally great similarity of studied stands with forests of the association Aristolochio luteae-Quercetum pubescentis (nos. 8, 12 & 13; J = 0,29, 0,27 & 0,29, respectively), the highest value (J = 0,30) resulted from the comparison of studied stands with forests of the association Querco pubescenti-Carpinetum orientalis (lauretosum; no. 2) from Istrian Peninsula..
The most homogenous group of syntaxa represent forests of the association Aristolochio luteae-Quercetum pubescentis from NW Adriatic (Italy, Slovenia), our studied stands, and stands of the subassociation Querco pubescenti-Carpinetum orientalis lauretosum from Istrian Peninsula, being developed either on a limestone or flysch (Fig. 3B – group 3). Groups 2 and 4 in Fig. 3B show intermixed syntaxa of the associations Querco pubescenti-Carpinetum orientalis, Aristolochio luteae-Quercetum pubescentis and Rhamno intermediate-Paliuretum australis from the coastal parts of the eastern Adriatic. Continental forests and shrubs of Quercus pubescens, Carpinus orientalis and Ostrya carpinifolia represented group 5 (Fig. 3B) consisting of three different forest associations: Aristolochio lutae-Quercetum pubescentis, Cruciato glabrae-Carpinetum orientalis and Seslerio sadlerianae-Ostryetum, and are, similarly to group 1, well differentiated from coastal forests by the lack of Mediterranean elements. Generally, according to similarity and distance indices, studied stands showed greater similarity with stands of the association Aristolochio luteae-Quercetum pubescentis than with stands of the association Querco pubescenti