DIGITALNA ARHIVA ŠUMARSKOG LISTA
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ŠUMARSKI LIST 11-12/2014 str. 42     <-- 42 -->        PDF

species has been recorded in many locations and species throughout the northern hemisphere (Raftoyannis et al. 2008; Kvitko et al. 2011; Politi et al. 2011; Ficko et al. 2011). Loss of the Taurus Fir is also of current concern in the Taurus Mountains (Kanat and Laz 2005).
The reproductive system of the various species of Abies is generative, and the natural regeneration period depends on the production of seed, the proportion of those seeds that are sound, the germination rate, and the successful formation of seedlings (Owens and Molder 1985; Crawford and Oliver 1990; Rawat et al. 2008). Seed dormancy is very prevalent in Abies seeds, and cold-moist stratification is often applied in order to eliminate this (Gogala and Vardjan 1989; Edwards 1996; Jensen 1997). On the other hand, the correct germination temperature is generally very effective at causing germination, and a wide temperature range implies seed vigor (Grabe 1976; Yilmaz 2008).
The Taurus Fir has the largest cones and seeds among all fir trees (RBG Kew 2014), but neither the morphological nor the physiological characteristics of its seeds have been extensively studied. Understanding how the seeds of this species vary between the different provenances of this species is important both in theory and in practice.
In this study, both the morphological (length, width, thickness, and weight) and physiological (dormancy level and pretreatments) characteristics of the seed of the Taurus Fir were investigated for the seeds collected from five different provenances. The effects of temperature on the germination behavior were also checked for the seeds of three provenances.
Material and Methods
Materijali i metode
Seed materials – Sjemenski materijal
The seeds were collected from five different provenances in southern Turkey in October, 2009 (Table 1; Figure1). Of species collected at the five provenances, three of them were A. cilicica subsp. cilicica, eastern distribution, and two of them were A. cilicica subsp. isaurica Coode et Cullen, western distribution. The seeds were air dried to 6 % MC, which took about a week, and they were then refrigerated in closed bottles until used.
Measurement of morphological characteristics – Izmjera morfoloških svojstava sjemena
50 seeds from each provenance were randomly selected and measured. For each seed, four traits (length, width, thickness, and weight) were measured. 1000-seed weights were also calculated from 800 (8 × 100) seeds according to the ISTA (1996) rules.
Dormancy Level and Pretreatment Requirements – Stupanj dormantnosti i predsjetvena priprema
To find out the dormancy level and the pre-chilling requirement of the species, seeds from five different populations (Table 1) were subjected to 0 (control), 2, 4, and 6 weeks (w) pre-chilling at 4 °C. Pretreatments were applied in plastic bottles covered with perforated aluminum foil in the dark. The top of the bottle was covered with perforated aluminum foil to allow for gas exchange. During the pretreatments,