DIGITALNA ARHIVA ŠUMARSKOG LISTA
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| ŠUMARSKI LIST 11-12/2014 str. 48 <-- 48 --> PDF |
Edwards 2008; RBG Kew 2014). A. cilicica seeds can germinate at low temperatures either on or under snow (Irmak 1961; Avsar and Ayyıldız 2004) or during the pre-chilling process in a refrigerator (4 °C). In order to avoid pregermination during the pre-chilling, the moisture content of the seeds can be lowered to about 85 % to 90 % of the maximum level, which is enough for the pre-chilling process but the shortage of moisture prevents germination (Suszka et al. 1996; Poulsen 1996). Germination temperatures greatly affect the germination parameters (Schmidt 2000). In this study, the seeds of A. cilicica from all three provenances demonstrated better germination performance (germination percentage and germination speed) at 20 °C and 24 °C. The range of the germination temperature widens after dormancy is removed (Yilmaz 2008). Similarly, after 4 w or 6 w of pre-chilling, higher GPs occurred at 12 °C and 16 °C. In general, 20 °C and 24 °C seem to be the most appropriate temperatures for A. cilicica seeds. Where there is a risk of fungal infection, 20 °C is preferred. The natural distribution of A. cilicica is primarily in Turkey, and this species is one of the important species in Turkish forests. However, in recent decades, many individuals of this species have been dying off. Abies species are generally very susceptible to climate change and environmental stress. Moreover, widespread insect attacks have been observed on A. cilicica in the past decades. Therefore, future research on the seed storage and raising of A. cilicica is very important for the ex-situ conservation of the species. Conclusions Zaključci A. cilicica is mainly distributed in Turkey. The species has the largest seeds both in terms of weight and dimensions among Abies species. The average 1000-seed weight, seed length, width, and thickness were 169.7 g, 14.26 mm, 7.13 mm, and 4.44 mm, respectively. The study demonstrated that the seed of A. cilicica has non-deep physiological dormancy. The seed required about 2–6 w of pre-chilling for dormancy removal depending on the provenances. The overall average germination percentage was 79.6 %. The seeds presented better germination performance at 20 °C and 24 °C and 20 °C should be preferred due to fungal infection risk at 24 °C. The average GP of A. cilicica subsp. isaurica seeds was surprisingly lower than that of A. cilicica subsp. cilicica. Further research over several consecutive years is recommended to conclude differences between the two subspecies. The studies on the storage of A. cilicica seeds are also needed for the ex-situ conservation of the species. Acknowledgment Zahvala This study was supported by Kahramanmaras Sutcuimam University Scientific Research Unit, Project number: 2010/1-1M. |