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Baryscapus transversalis Graham (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) – A NEW SPECIES FOR THE FAUNA OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Baryscapus transversalis Graham (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) – NOVA VRSTA U FAUNI BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE
Peter Boyadzhiev, Mirza Dautbasic, Osman Mujezinovic, Plamen Mirchev, Georgi Georgiev, Margarita Georgieva
Summary
Baryscapus transversalis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) was established for first time as an egg hyperparasitoid of Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It was reared from egg batches of pine processionary moth collected on Pinus nigra in the region of Boracko jezero. In laboratory conditions, 80 specimens of B. transversalis were reared during emerging period of 20 days between 3 and 22 November 2013. In the eggs of T. pityocampa, both males and females of B. transversalis developed, in sex ratio (♀♀:♂♂) 3:1.
Key words: first record, hyperparasitoid, Thaumetopoea pityocampa, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Introduction
Uvod
Baryscapus transversalis Graham, 1991 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) was described on biological material from northern Greece (Graham 1991). Later, it was reported in other countries of the Balkan Peninsula (Noyes 2014), Iberian Peninsula (López-Sebastián et al. 2002–2003) and Asiatic part of Turkey (Mirchev et al. 2004). Bellin (1995) studied its life cycle and behaviour and established that it is an obligatory hyperparasitoid of the primary egg parasitoids on Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) – Baryscapus servadeii (Domenichini, 1965) and Ooencyrtus pityocampae (Mercet, 1921) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). The meconium of B. transversalis was described for the first time by Schmidt et al. (1997).
This note reports B. transversalis as a hyperparasitoid of primary egg parasitoids of T. pityocampa and a new species for the fauna of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Material and Methods
Materijal i metode
Thirty-eight egg batches of T. pityocampa were collected in the region of Boracko jezero (Bosnia and Herzegovina) on Pinus nigra Arnold trees at 760 m a.s.l. on 21 September 2013 by the second author. The material was mailed directly

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to the Forest Research Institute in Sofia for further observations of parasitoid emergence. Every egg batches were placed singly in test tubes plugged with cotton stoppers, after some measurements had been taken. Then, they were preserved in laboratory conditions at room temperature (20–22 ºC). Daily observations were made and the emerged egg parasitoids were removed immediately and separated in plastic capsules for further determination.
B. transversalis was identified by the key of Graham (1991) and confirmed by Dr. E. Yegorenkova (Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University, Ulyanovsk, Russia). A part of biological material is deposited in her entomological collection.
Results
Rezultati
In this study B. transversalis was recorded for the first time in Bosnia and Herzegovina and is therefore a new member for the fauna of this country. In laboratory conditions, 80 specimens of the species emerged from 8.515 eggs out of 38 pine processionary moth egg batches.
The emerging period of B. transversalis ended in 20 days (Graph. 1), between 3 and 22 November 2013.
In the eggs of T. pityocampa both males and females of B. transversalis developed. From 80 specimens emerged, 60 were females and 20 males – i.e. sex ratio (♀♀:♂♂) was 3:1.
Discussion
Diskusija
Dautbašić (2015) reported three species only as egg parasitoids of pine processionary moth in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Baryscapus servadeii, Ooencyrtus pityocampae and Anastatus bifasciatus (Geoffroy, 1785) (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae).
As a general rule, the hyperparasitism does not increase the parasitoid impact but the effectiveness of primary parasitoids is reduced. Therefore, the record of the hyperparasitoid B. transversalis in Bosnia and Herzegovina is very important. Percentage of B. servadeii and O. pityocampae in the host eggs attacked by the hyperparasitoid in more reports were from 0.5–3.0% (Tsankov et al. 1996; Schmidt et al. 1997) to 8–12 % (Mirchev et al. 1998a), and in a site in Albania reached up to 23.6% (Mirchev et al. 2000).
After the first description of B. transversalis (Graham 1991), it was found again in Greece (Schmidt et al. 1997; Tsankov et al. 1999; Mirchev et al. 2010) and in other countries of Balkan Peninsula: Bulgaria (Tsankov et al. 1996, 1998; Mirchev et al. 1998a, 1998b, 2012) and Albania (Mirchev et al. 2000).
Studies of the life cycle of B. transversalis show that the reproduction period lasted from spring to autumn when the primary parasitoids are in diapause as mature larvae (Bellin 1995). The developmental period from egg to adult lasted about 5 weeks, and the adults did not survive more than 5 weeks. A sex ratio of 2:1 to 1:1 (females to males) was found. Males arise from arrhenotocal parthenogenesis. Tsankov et al. (1996) pointed out that B. transversalis is less successful in larvae of O. pityocampae than in those of B. servadeii.
In the present study, the established flight period of B. transversalis was very short –more than 50% of individuals emerged in the first day, and 80% – for three days (Graph. 1). The emerging period of other egg parasitoids of T. pityocampa lasted more than eight and a half months from 3 November 2013 to 21 July 2014 (unpublished data).
Other studies reported that B. transversalis always emerge before the mass flight of its host, the primary parasitoids, O. pityocampae and B. servadeii (Tsankov et al. 1996; Schmidt et al. 1997; Mirchev et al. 2000, 2004).
In most localities of B. transversalis both sexes of the species were established. In Bulgaria, the sex ratio varies from about equal numbers at Marikostino (Tsankov et al. 1998) to 10 times more of females at Ploski (Tsankov et al. 1996). Females were 2 times more in the sample from the island of Hydra (Greece) (Schmidt et al. 1997), and as the average for all surveyed sites in Turkey (Mirchev et al. 2004), in Albania – 1.2 times more (Mirchev et al. 2000). In Bulgaria in Kurtovo and Kardzhali higher participation of males was registered – 83.3% and 55.8%, respectively (Mirchev et al. 1998a).
The present finding of B. transversalis increase the strength of entomofauna of Bosnia and Herzegovina and enhance knowledge on parasitoid complex of T. pityocampa in this country.

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Acknowlegments
Zahvala
We thank Dr. E. Yegorenkova (Department of Zoology, Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University, Ulyanovsk, Russia) for her help to clarifying the taxonomic status of Baryscapus transversalis.
References
Literatura
Bellin, S. 1995: Zur Biologie von Baryscapus transversalis Graham (Hym.; Eulophidae), Hyperparasitoid der Primarparasitoiden von Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. & Schiff.) (Lep.; Thaumetopoeidae), Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Allgemeine und Angewandte Entomologie, 9 (4–6): 453–457. Müncheberg, Germany.
Dautbašić, M. 2015: The Pine Processionary Moth in Bosnia and Herzegovina, In: Roques, A. (ed.), Processionary Moths and Climate Change: An Update, 119–120.
Graham, M. W. R. de V. 1991: A reclassification of the European Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae): revision of the remaining genera, Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 49: 1–322. Gainesville, USA.
López-Sebastián, E., J. Selfa, J. Pujade-Villar, M. J. Juan-Martínez, 2002–2003: Baryscapus transversalis Graham, 1991 (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eulophidae), nuevo hiperparasitoide asociado a la procesionaria del pino en la Penísula Ibérica, Zoologica Baetica, 13/14: 243–245. Granada, Spain.
Mirchev, P., G.H. Schmidt, G. Tsankov, 1998a: The egg parasitoids of Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. & Schiff.) (Lep., Thaumetopoeidae) in Bulgaria,Mitteilungen aus der Biologischen Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Berlin-Dahlem, 356: 45–52. Berlin, Germany.
Mirchev, P., G. H. Schmidt, G. Tsankov, 1998b: The egg parasitoids of the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. & Schiff.) in the Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria, Bollettino di Zoologia Agraria e Bachicoltura, 30 (2): 131–140. Pavia, Italy.
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Mirchev, P., G. H. Schmidt, G. Tsankov, M. Avci, 2004: Egg parasitoids of Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. & Schiff.) (Lep., Thaumetopoeidae) and their impact in SW Turkey, Journal of Applied Entomology, 128 (8): 533–542. Berlin, Germany.
Mirchev, P., G. Tsankov, E. Douma-Petridou, N. Avtzis, 2010: Comparative analysis of participation of egg parasitoids of pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. et Schiff.) (Lep., Thaumetopoeidae) in northern and southern mainland Greece, Silva Balcanica, 11 (1): 73–97. Sofia, Bulgaria.
Mirchev, P., G. Georgiev, P. Boyadzhiev, M. Matova, 2012: Impact of entomophages on density of Thaumetopoea pityocampa in egg stage near Ivaylovgrad, Bulgaria, Acta zoologica bulgarica, Suppliment 4: 103–110. Sofia, Bulgaria.
Noyes, J. S. 2014: Universal Chalcidoidea database. World Wide Web electronic publication. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/chalcidoids. London, UK.
Schmidt, G.H., G. Tsankov, P. Mirchev, 1997: Notes on the egg parasitoids of Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. and Schiff.) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae) collected on the Greek island Hydra, Bollettino di Zoologia Agraria e di Bachicoltura (II), 29 (1): 91–99. Pavia, Italy.
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Sažetak
Baryscapus transversalis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) je determiniran kao jajni hiperparazitoid Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) u Bosni i Hercegovini. Uzgojen je iz jajnih legla borovog četnjaka prikupljenih s lokaliteta Boračko jezero (Konjic) i time postao nova vrsta u entomofauni Bosne i Hercegovine. U laboratorijskim uvjetima uzgojeno je 80 jedinki B. transversalis u razdoblju od 3. do 22. studenog 2013. godine. Iz jaja T. pityocampa razvili su se i mužjaci i ženke B. transversalis u odnosu (♀♀:♂♂) 3:1.
Ključne riječi: prvi nalaz, hiperparazitoid, Thaumetopoea pityocampa, Bosna i Hercegovina