DIGITALNA ARHIVA ŠUMARSKOG LISTA
prilagođeno pretraživanje po punom tekstu
ŠUMARSKI LIST 5-6/2015 str. 47 <-- 47 --> PDF |
of neighbouring trees (53.19 % of the total number of trees in SP1 and 41.84 % in SP2), whereas the smallest share represents damage to the root collar (0.71 % of the total number of trees in SP1 and 6.53 % in SP2). - During the timber winching the most common type of damage incurred is to the root collar both in the mixed and the pure stands (73.85 % of the total number of trees in SP 1 and 62.79 % in SP2). This is followed by damage to the stem (26.15 % of the total number of trees in SP1 and 37.21 % in SP2), whereas damage to the crown and butt end was not observed. - At the stage of timber skidding to a roadside landing on a truck road, the largest number of wounds in both cases was to the butt end of trees along the skid trail (72.50 % of the total number of trees in SP1 and 78.46 % in SP2), which was followed by damage to the root collar and the least damage to the stem. - Damage to the regeneration is evident both in the phase of felling and during transport. In addition, due to a higher density of seedlings, the number of wounds per felled tree, i.e. per winching operation, is significantly higher in the mixed stand than in the pure stand. - The degree of damage to the stem is significantly influenced by the direction of assortments in relation to the skid trail direction. The largest number of wounds appears in the case of wood assortments that are parallel to the skid trail. - During tree felling in both the mixed and pure stands, the most common wounds are the ones whose area is greater than 200 cm2, whereas in the phase of transport of wood assortments the most common wound areas range from 50 to 200 cm2. REFERENCES LITERATURA Akay, A. E., O. Erda, J. Sessions, 2004: Determining productivity of mechanized harvesting machines, Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 4(1): 100-105. Behjou, F.K., O.G. Mollabashi, 2012: Selective logging and damage to unharvested trees in a Hyecanian forest of Iran, BioResources, Vol. 7(4): 4867-4874. Behjou, F.K., 2014: Effects of Wheeled Cable Skidding on Residual Trees in Selective Logging in Caspian Forests, Small-scale Forestry, Vol. 13(3): 367-376. Bobik, M., 2008: Damages to residual stand in commercial thinnings, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Master Thesis no. 127, Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, 30 p. Campbell, A., 2003: Abiotic Injury to Forest Trees in Oregon, The Woodland Workbook – Forest Protection, EC1501, p. 1-12. Danilović, M., D. Grujović, V. Čorbić, B. Letica, 2011: Techniques and Technologies of Forest Residue Utilization in Hilly and Mountainous Conditions, In: Proceedings of the 19th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition 6-10, June 2011, Berlin, Germany, p. 379-386. Doležal, B., 1984: Štete u šumi izazvane primenom mehanizacije, Dokumentacija za tehniku i tehnologiju u šumarstvu, Jugoslovenski poljoprivredni šumarski centar, Vol. 81: 1-47. Dvorak, J., E. Iordache, 2010: Estimating the level of trees damages and financial losses by logging, Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov, Series II: Forestry, Wood Industry, Agricultural Food Engineering, Vol. 3(52): 37-46. Eroglu, H., U.O. Ozturk, T. Sonmez, F. Tilki, E. Akkuzu, 2009: The impact of timber harvesting techniques on residual trees, seedlings, and timber products in natural oriental spruce forests, African Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol. 4(3): 220-224. Ficklin, R.L., J.P. Dwyer, B.E. Cutter, T. Draper, 1997: Residual tree damage during selection cuts using two skidding systems in the Missouri Ozarks, In: Proceedings of the 11th Central Hardwood Conference. March 23-26, University of Missouri – Columbia. p. 36-46. Fjeld, D., A. Granhus, 1998: Injuries After Selection Harvesting in Multi-Stored Spruce Stands – The Influence of Operating Systems and Harvest Intensity, International Journal of Forest Engineering, Vol. 9(2): 33-40. Froese, K., H.S. Han, 2006: Residual Stand Damage from Cut-to-Length Thinning of Mixed Conifer Stand in Northern Idaho, Western Journal of Applied Forestry, Vol. 21(3): 142-148. Gerasimov, Y., V. Katarov, 2010: Effect of Bogie Track and Slash Reinforcement on Sinkage and Soil Compaction on Soft Terrains, Croatian Journal of Forest Engineering, Vol. 31(1): 35-45. Košir, B., 2008: Damage to Young Forest Due to Harvesting in Shelterwood Systems, Croatian Journal of Forest Engineering, Vol. 29(2): 141-145. Kuramoto, S., S. Sasaki, S. Abe, S. Ishibashi, 2010: Post-harvest damage and subsequent survival following selection harvesting of small understory trees in a mixed conifer–hardwood forest in Hokkaido island, Northern Japan, In: Proceedings of the FORMEC 2010, Forest Engineering: Meeting the Needs of the Society and the Environment. July 11 – 14, 2010, Padova – Italy. 1/4-4/4. Limbeck-Lilienau, B., 2003: Residual stand damage caused by mechanized harvesting systems, In: Proceedings of Austro 2003: High Tech Forest Operations for Mountainous Terrain, October 5-9, 2003, Schlaegl-Austria, p. 11. Meng, W., 1978: Baumverletzungen durch Transportvorgänge bei der Holzernte – Ausmaβ und Verteilung, Folgeschäden am Holz und Versuch ihrer Bewertung, Schriftenreihe der LFV Baden-Württemberg, Band 53, p. 159. Nikooy, M., R. Rashidi, G. Kocheki, 2010: Residual trees injury assessment after selective cutting in broadleaf forest in Shafaroud, Caspian J. Env. Sci., Vol. 8(2): 173-179. Ostrofsky, W.D., 1988: Improving Tree Quality and Forest Health by Reducing Logging Injuries, in Proceedings of Maine’s Hardwood Resource: Quantity Versus Quality. Orono, ME. Petreš, S., 2006. Damages on the young plants during the timber extraction by cable skidder LKT-81 T from the final cut of pedunculate oak, Journal of Forestry Society of Croatia, Vol. 130 (3-4): 87-99. Poršinsky, T., M. Ožura, 2006: Damage to standing trees in timber forwarding, Nova mehanizacija šumarstva, Vol. 27(1): 41-49. Sabo, A., 2003: Oštećivanje stabala pri privlačenju drva zglobnim traktorom Timberjack 240C u prebornim sastojinama /Damaging trees in timber skidding by Timberjack 240C in selection forest stand/. Šumarski list br. 7-8: 335-346. |