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ŠUMARSKI LIST 11-12/2017 str. 47     <-- 47 -->        PDF

account environmental sounds. In order to do this, the GIS used with S-MCDM techniques are a useful tool for creating a model. One such MCDM is the S-TOPSIS. In this study, S-TOPSIS was applied to integrate environmental sensitive into the design of a forest road route. Using the current forest road route and the GIS-based S-TOPSIS method, an environmentally sound forest road route was determined according to environmental criteria.
MATERIALS & METHODS
MATERIJAL I METODE
Research area – Područje istraživanja
Trabzon Province is situated between longitude 39° 7´ 30´´ and 40° 30´ E and latitude 40° 30´ to 41° 7´ N in the middle of the east Black Sea region of Turkey (Figure 1). East Blacks Sea region and also Trabzon city is green-field and has great tree diversity due to rainy climate. There are many different stands at Trabzon and in case study area chosen. Determining an optimum route for a road in this area is a challenge. The location of the study area is shown in Figure. 1.
Method
Metode
The research method in this article consisted of five steps. The first step, the forest road designing area was determined (Figure 1). In the second step, the data required to design the forest road route, considering environmental criteria, was collected within the boundaries of the research area. In this step, existing data from satellite images, soil data, hydrology data, geology data, GPS data and standard 1/25,000-scale topographical maps were used and the data organized in a spatial database. In the third step, factors and sub-factors were determined, and weights of these factors and sub-factors were calculated. In the fourth step, the optimum environmental forest road route was determined based on S-TOPSIS and Cost distance-Cost path algorithms using the weights of the factors affecting the route. The final step was to compare the current forest road route and the optimum forest road route with the results of field studies and spatial data and to discuss the results.
A geographic database was created in ESRI ArcGIS10.3 software and projected to Universal Transverse Marketer (UTM) projection, zone 36N. Maps were rectified, digitized, projected and imported to the geographic database. A conversion to raster format was performed using a cell size of 30x30 m. The developed conceptual framework is presented in the Figure 2.
An accurate and updated geodatabase was created consisting geographic layers in environmental factors. Geographic layers were redesigned flowingly due to sub-factors including in factors. These layers in geodatabase are; rivers, elevation, soil type, geology, avalanche, and slope map of area. Common S-MCDM rules and formulae have been used for calculating factor and sub-factor weights with our special extension (FOROR). This extension named Forest Road Route (FOROR) is a comprehensive tool automating all the analysis. The functionality of the extension is gathering GIS and S-MCDM features within the same interface for finding forest road routes. GIS&S-MCDM extension for ArcMap 10.3. we used Microsoft Visual Studio and ArcGIS SDK (Software Developer Kit) for Python using ArcObject libraries. A pair-wise comparison and S-TOPSIS formulas have been implemented in the extension.
GIS analysis processes are interpolating heights and building TIN, ring-buffer for river, way etc. point or polyline data and then merging them with the study area border, interpolating some sample data (like population) with Kriging or IDW as geostatistical coherent interpolation techniques and reorganizing polygon data before applying raster to vector conversation. Finally, all the geospatial dataset prepared in vector format was clipped to the study area border and converted to raster format in equivalent pixel values for calculating the accumulated cost surface with S-TOPSIS formulas included in the extension. Cost distance-cost path algorithms were applied to accumulated surfaces and optimum environmental routes were found.