DIGITALNA ARHIVA ŠUMARSKOG LISTA
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ŠUMARSKI LIST 3-4/2018 str. 72     <-- 72 -->        PDF

logs of truck roads were further controlled using orthophoto images with a 0.50 m resolution.
Primary forest traffic infrastructure that was taken for analysis, represents all forest truck roads that allow movement of trucks with and without trailers, regardless of the pavement condition. The following table provides technical standards that must be met by forest roads in the Republic of Srpska. All public roads that pass through the forest or its boundary which can be used for forestry purposes were included in the research. From the aspect of categorizing public roads (The law on public roads of RS, 2013), such roads are all local and regional highways and most of the arterial highways, but not fast roads and highways.
Density of the network of forest roads was calculated using the formula:
               
RD           – density of the forest roads network m/ha,
L             – Calculation length of forest roads,
A            – area.
The length of forest roads was calculated according to the following criteria. Entire length was taken into account for roads that pass through forest land. Half the length of the road was taken into account for roads that go to the edge of forest land or up to 300 m from the edge of forest land provided that they can be used for transport. In addition, roads coming perpendicular to the forest land were considered in the length of up to 500 m (Šikić et al., 1989).
In addition to the analysis of density of the network of truck roads, the paper presents a ten-year construction rate of truck roads by forest regions. The dynamics of truck road construction was obtained from the systematization of data of the “Research Development and Project Center” from Banja Luka, which designs truck roads for the purpose of the Public Enterprise „Šume Republike Srpske” and controls derivative works.
Since there is no precise analysis of the optimal density of truck roads in the Republic of Srpska, similar relief surfaces from neighboring countries were used as parameter in this case. The analysis of forest roads according to the relief characteristics of Croatia, which are similar to the characteristics in Bosnia, revealed that minimum openness required for the management of forests in RS starts from 15 m/ha, while the optimal value is about 20 m/ha (Šikić et al., 1989). The analysis of forest openness also included these parameters.
RESEARCH RESULTS
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According to the categorization of roads, the roads that open forest regions in the Republic of Srpska are classified into public and forest roads. The total length of roads in the Republic of Srpska for the analyzed area amounts to 9,453.73 kilometers. The length of public roads is 1,628.16 kilometers or 17.22%, and of forest roads 7,825.57 km or 82.78%. Based on these data and the methodology applied to calculate the density of the network of truck roads, the result is that the average density of the primary forest traffic infrastructure in the Republic of Srpska is 9.28 m/ha and 11.21 m/ha of public roads.
An exceptionally low openness is evident in the “majevičko” forest management unit, whose openness amounts to 1.19