DIGITALNA ARHIVA ŠUMARSKOG LISTA
prilagoðeno pretraživanje po punom tekstu




ŠUMARSKI LIST 11-12/2018 str. 51     <-- 51 -->        PDF

management, it is important to take into account standards that will include factors other than fuel appraisal (Alexander, 2007). In addition to its variable topography and forest structures, the Mediterranean region of Turkey is also seeing a considerable demand for tourism, agriculture, and settlement. For this reason, fuel-loading studies should be enriched by also taking human intervention, canopy structures, and site conditions into account. Doing so will allow forest fire behavior analyses to be more effective, thus enabling decision-makers dealing with forest fires in the region to obtain far more accurate data and results.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ZAHVALA
This study has been supported by the General Directorate of Forestry connected to The Turkish Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs as a research-development project with number: 19.9200/2012-2014-2015.
REFERENCES
LITERATURA
Affleck, D.L.R., C.R. Keyes, J.M. Goodburn, 2012. Conifer crown fuel modeling: current limits and potential for improvement. Western Journal of Applied Forestry 27: 165-169.
Alexander, M. 2007. Simple question; difficult answer: how much fuel is acceptable? Fire Management Today 67: 6–11.
Annighöfer P., A. Ameztegui, C. Ammer, P. Balandier, N. Bartsch, A. Bolte, L. Coll, C. Collet, J. Ewald, N. Frischbier, T. Gebereyesus, J. Haase, T. Hamm, B. Hirschfelder, F. Huth, G. Kändler, A. Kahl, H. Kawaletz, C. Kuehne, A. Lacointe, N. Lin, M. Löf, P. Malagoli, A. Marquier, S. Müller, S. Promberger, D. Provendier, H. Röhle, J. Sathornkich, P. Schall, M. Scherer-Lorenzen, J. Schröder, C. Seele, J. Weidig, C. Wirth, H. Wolf, J. Wollmerstädt, M. Mund, 2016. Species-specific and generic biomass equations for seedlings and saplings of European tree species. European Journal of Forest Research 135: 313-329.
Bond-Lamberty, B., C. Wang, S. Gower, 2002. Aboveground and belowground biomass and sapwood area allometric equations for six boreal tree species of northern Manitoba. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 32: 1441-1450.
Boydak, M., H. Dirik, M. Çalıkoğlu, 2006. Biology and silviculture of Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia Ten.). OGEM-VAK, Ankara, 253 p.
Chave, J., C. Andalo, S. Brown, M.A. Cairns, J.Q. Chambers, D. Eamus, H. Folster, F. Fromard, N. Higuchi, T. Kira, J.P. Lescure, B.W. Nelson, H. Ogawa, H. Puig, B. Riera, T. Yamakura, 2005. Tree allometry and improved estimation of carbon stocks and balance in tropical forests. Oecologia 145: 87–99.
Cruz, M.G., M.E. Alexander, R.H. Wakimoto, 2003. Assessing canopy fuel stratum characteristics in crown fire prone fuel types of western North America. International Journal of Wildland Fire 12: 39–50.
Dimitrakopoulos, A.P. 2002. Mediterranean fuel models and potential fire behaviour in Greece. International Journal of Wildland Fire 11: 127–130.
Fernandes, P.M., 2009. Combining forest structure data and fuel modelling to classify fire hazard in Portugal. Annals of Forest Science 66: 415p9.
Gray K.L, E. Reinhardt., (2003) Analysis of algorithms for predicting canopy fuel. In ‘Proceedings of the Second International Wildland Fire Ecology and Fire Management Congress and Fifth Symposium on Fire and Forest Meteorology, November 16–20, 2003, Orlando, FL’. Paper P5.8. (American Meteorological Society: Boston, MA)
Hardy, C.C., 2005. Wildland fire hazard and risk: Problems, definitions, and context. Forest Ecology and Management 211: 73–82.
Hiers, J. K., J.J. O’Brien, R.J. Mitchell, J.M. Grego, E.L. Loudermilk, 2009. The wildland fuel cell concept: an approach to characterize fine-scale variation in fuels and fire in frequently burned longleaf pine forests. International Journal of Wildland Fire 18: 315–325.
Iyigun C., M. Türkeº, İ. Batmaz, C. Yozgatligil, V. Purutçuoğlu, E. Kartal Koç, MZ Öztürk. 2013. Clustering current climate regions of Turkey by using a multivariate statistical method. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 114: 95–106.
Jiménez, E., J. A. Vega, J. M. Fernandez-Alonso, D. Vega-Nieva, J. G. Alvarez-Gonzalez, and A. D. Ruiz-Gonzalez. 2013. Allometric equations for estimating canopy fuel load and distribution of polesize maritime pine trees in five Iberian provenances. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 43:149-158.
Küçük, Ö., E. Bilgili, 2008. Crown fuel characteristics and fuel load estimates in young calabrian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) stands in northwestern of Turkey. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 17, 2226-2231.
Küçük, Ö., E. Bilgili, B. Sağlam, 2008. Estimating crown fuel loading for calabrian pine and Anatolian black pine. International Journal of Wildland Fire 17: 147–154.
Martínez, J,, E. Chuvieco, P. Martín, 2008. Estimation of risk factors of human ignition of fires in Spain by means of logistic regression. González-Cabán, Armando eds. Proceedings of the second international symposium on fire economics, planning, and policy: a global view. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-208. (Albany, CA). Consulted 12 May 2017. Available in http://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/psw_gtr208en/
Mascaro, J., C.M. Litton, F.R. Hughes, A. Uowolo, S.A. Schnitzer, 2011. Minimizing bias in biomass allometry: model selection and log-transformation of data. Biotropica 43:649–653.
Matthews, S., 2010. Effect of drying temperature on fuel moisture content Measurements. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 19: 800–802.
Mitsopoulos, I.D., A.P. Dimitrakopoulos, 2007a. Allometric equations for crown fuel biomass of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) in Greece. International Journal of Wildland Fire 16: 642–647.
Mitsopoulos, I.D., A.P. Dimitrakopoulos, 2007b. Canopy fuel characteristics and potential crown fire behavior in Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) forests. Annals of Forest Science 64: 287–299.
Molina, J.R., F.R. Silva, E. Mérida, M.A. Herrera, 2014. Modelling available crown fuel for Pinus pinaster Ait. stands in the “Cazorla, Segura and Las Villas Natural Park” (Spain). Journal of Environmental Management 144: 26-33.
OGM, 2013. Orman Atlası. Orman Genel Müdürlüğü (​General Directorate of Forestry). Ankara. Consulted 30 June 2016.