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ŠUMARSKI LIST 11-12/2018 str. 9     <-- 9 -->        PDF

A novel automated method for the improvement of photogrammetric DTM accuracy in forests
Nova automatska metoda za poboljšanje točnosti fotogrametrijskog DTM-a u šumama
Mateo Gašparović, Anita Simic Milas, Ante Seletković, Ivan Balenović
Summary
Accuracy of a Digital Terrain Model (DTM) in a complex forest environment is critical and yet challenging for accurate forest inventory and management, disaster risk analysis, and timber utilization. Reducing elevation errors in photogrammetric DTM (DTMPHM), which present the national standard in many countries worldwide, is critical, especially for forested areas. In this paper, a novel automated method to detect the errors and to improve the accuracy of DTMPHM for the lowland forest has been presented and evaluated. This study was conducted in the lowland pedunculate oak forest (Pokupsko Basin, Croatia). The DTMPHM was created from three-dimensional (3D) vector data collected by aerial stereo-photogrammetry in combination with data collected from existing maps and field surveys. These data still present the national standard for DTM generation in many countries, including Croatia. By combining slope and tangential curvature values of raster DTMPHM, the proposed method developed in open source Grass GIS software automatically detected 91 outliers or 3.2% of the total number of source points within the study area. Comparison with a highly accurate LiDAR DTM confirmed the method efficiency. This was especially evident in two out of three observed subset areas where the root mean square error (RMSE) values decreased for 8% in one and 50% in another area after errors elimination. The method could be of great importance to other similar studies for forested areas in countries where the LiDAR data are not available.
Key words: digital terrain model (DTM), vertical accuracy, LiDAR, lowland forest
INTRODUCTION
UVOD
Accurate and reliable information of terrain surface, commonly represented using a Digital Terrain Model (DTM), is of a great importance to various environmental disciplines (Nelson et al., 2009). In forestry, DTMs are commonly used in forest inventory (Rahlf et al., 2015; Puliti et al., 2017, Balenović et al., 2017), in hydrological modelling (Furze et al., 2017), in disaster risk analysis (Ristić et al., 2017), and in various forestry operations including forest road netowork planning and design (Grigolato et al., 2017; Çalişkan and Karahalil, 2017a), timber utilization and harvesting (Çalişkan and Karahalil, 2017b; Đuka et al.,