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Rose, R., D. L. Haase, F. Kroiher, T. Sabin, 1997: Root volume and growth of ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir seedlings: a summary of eight growing seasons. Western Journal of Applied Forestry, 12: 69.-73. Rose, R., J. S. Ketchum, 2003: Interaction of initial seedling diameter, fertilization, and weed control on Douglas-fir growth over the first four years after planting. Annals of Forest Science, 60: 625.-635. Simpson, D. G., 1990: Frost hardiness, root growth capacity, and field performance relationships in interior spruce, lodgepole pine, Douglas-fir, and western hemlock seedlings. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 20: 566.-572. Simpson, D. G., G. A. Ritchie, 1997: Does RGP predict field performance? A debate. New Forests, 13: 253.-277. Smith, J. H., 1975: Big stock vs. small stock. In: Proceedings of the Western Forest Fire Committee; 1975 Dec 2-3; Vancouver, British Columbia. 107.-115. str. South, D. B., J. G. Mexal, J. P. van Buijtenen, 1988: The relationship between seedling diameter at planting and long term volume growth of loblolly pine seedlings in east Texas. IN: Proceedings of the 10th North American Forest Biology Workshop; 1988 July 20-22; Vancouver, British Columbia. 192.-199. str. Tanaka, Y., P. Brotherton, S. Hostetter, D. Chapman, S. Dyce, J. Belanger, B. Johnson, S. Duke, 1997: The operational planting stock quality testing program at Weyerhaeuser. New Forests, 13: 423.-437. Thompson, B. E., 1985: Seedling morphological evaluation–what you can tell by looking. In: Duryea ML, editor. Evaluating seedling quality: principles, procedures, and predictive abilities of major tests. Proceedings of a workshop held October 16-18, 1984. Corvallis (OR): Oregon State University, Forest Research Laboratory: 59.-71. str. Tsakaldimi, M., T. Zagas, T. Tsitsoni, P. Ganatsas, 2005: Root morphology, stem growth and field performance of seedlings of two Mediterranean evergreen oaks species raised in different container types. Plant Soil 278: 85–93. van den Driessche, R., 1980: Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on Douglas-fir nursery growth and survival after outplanting. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 10: 65.-70. Vukadinović, V., V. Vukadinović, 2011: Ishrana bilja. Sveučilište Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku. Poljoprivredni fakultet u Osijeku. 442 str. https://www.silvamix.com/ http://www.bccab.com/ https://everris.com SUMMARY This review article lists and explains the benefits of planting activities undertaken in late summer and early fall, as well as spring planting before vegetation begins. Both irregular and correct digging of the plant pit and irregular and correct planting of bare-root seedlings of narrow-leaved ash are described and shown with the original illustrations. The influence of soil compaction on seed germination, seedling development, morphological characteristics of the above and below ground part of seedlings and root system is explained. The disadvantages of container production of forest seedlings in pure organic medium such as black peat and the disadvantages of planting seedlings produced in the field are discussed. Properly and incorrectly planted fields of narrow-leaved ash seedlings have been described and shown with the original illustrations. Modern technology of nursery production of narrow-leaved ash seedlings in containers and the benefits of afforestation of seedlings of coated root are presented. Container production is semi-automated and planting in the field should be done exclusively with the help of planters, whose features and advantages are presented in the article. Innovative solutions for the construction of a planter are described with regard to the shape of the hole that they make. It is important that the holes made by the planters are not round or square / rectangular, otherwise the planting holes will break or burst away from the surrounding soil. In the case of planters operating a rhombus-shaped hole or dug-in planting pit, there is no cracking at the edge of the hole, but the hole shoots all over the profile, which is more favorable to the root system of the plant. The original illustrations show examples of poor and good geometric shapes of a plant pit. An example taken from the Brestje nursery in Sesvete (Croatian Forests Ltd.) is used to illustrate the technology of nursery production of container seedlings of narrow-leaved ash. The data from the substrate declaration used in container production of seedlings were compared with the results of our own chemical analyzes at the time of planting the seedlings in the field after one growing vegetation. The extraction of elements from the substrate samples is described and so is the preparation of samples for trace element content determination by the ICP-AES technique. The values of the main substrate parameters obtained by the ICP-AES technique are presented, as well as the content of macro and micro nutrients in the substrate. The article presents the main morphological characteristics of container seedlings of narrow-leaved ash planted in the Lipovljani forest area in autumn 2017. In particular, the appearance of the washed root system of an average container seedling and its morphological analysis by means of WinRHIZO ProLA2400 (2005) scanner and software are presented. The causes of high mortality of narrow-leaved ash seedlings during afforestation in the Republic of Croatia are described, and concrete measures are proposed to improve the current situation in line with good forestry practices implemented in the countries of Central Europe and Scandinavia. Key words: irregular planting, proper planting, container seedlings, peat substrates, root morphology |