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ŠUMARSKI LIST 5-6/2021 str. 49     <-- 49 -->        PDF

the world (Karakaya and Evrendilek, 2010; Akiner and Akkoyunlu, 2012).
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of various watershed characteristics on the water and TSS yields of forest and agricultural (hazelnut) dominated watersheds and thus, to contribute to the sustainable management of water resources.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
MATERIJALI I METODE
Description of study watersheds – Opis istraživanih slivova
The study was carried out in two adjacent subwatersheds of the Big Melen watershed situated in Duzce Province in the Western Black Sea Region of Turkey, located between 40°53’19”- 40°55’24’’ North latitude and 30°58’20”-31°02’12” East longitude (Fig. 1).
The study watesheds have similar climate characteristics. According to the Thornthwaite climate classification, Duzce Province is classified as B1B’2sb’4, i.e., it is humid, moderately mesothermal, and under an ocean climate effect, with a moderate water deficit in summer. The average annual precipitation is 827.4 mm, with most precipitation occcurring from October to January. The average annual temperature is 13.4 °C. July is the hottest month with an average temperature of 22.6 °C and January the coldest with an average of 3.8 °C (Zengin et al., 2017; Karagül and Çitgez, 2019). In a one-year study conducted in Duzce region, total rainfall, throughfall, stemflow and interception amount were investigated in beech forests for leafed and leafless periods (Yılmaz, 2014). In this study, total rainfall, throughfall, stemflow and interception amount were found to be 339.1, 218.3, 51.1, 69.6 mm for the leafed season, while 505.8, 383.7, 57.2, 12.8 mm for the leafless season, respectively.
The major land use types in the watersheds are agriculture and forest. The land use types in the agricultural watershed (AW) consist of 27% forest, 70% agriculture, and 3% settlement, and in the forested watershed (FW) 64% forest and 36% agriculture. The main natural tree species in the forest areas are beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky), oak (Quercus sp.) and hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.). Canopy coverage of 60-80 years old forests is higher than 70%. Hazelnuts are grown on most of the agricultural areas in the watersheds. Planting density of hazelnut plantation is 4x4 m (Fig. 2).