DIGITALNA ARHIVA ŠUMARSKOG LISTA
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ŠUMARSKI LIST 9-10/2021 str. 19     <-- 19 -->        PDF

seed stands of sessile oak (Quercus petraea) have a 30‐percent share, and even-aged seed stands of the European hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) have a six‐percent share. The forest stands of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), and conifer cultures are represented in a lower percentage (http://gis.hrsume.hr/hrsume/wms, http://gis.hrsume.hr/privsume/wms). A water share on the Hunting ground amounts to only 0.5% and there are no major watercourses on the Hunting ground, so the watercourses principally have a torrential character.
On the researched area, an intensive big game management started at the beginning of the 1980s. A state‐owned forest management company operated the hunting ground at that time, and a 4,000‐hectare fenced area was erected on the hunting ground for the purpose of an intensive breeding of the red deer, fallow deer (Dama dama), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), wild boar (Sus scrofa) and the European mouflon (Ovis gmelini musimon). Each species was bred in a separate, detached breeding site area. Ninety‐eight percent of the area were comprised of the forest stands (Anon. 1981). During the first decennium, the game was fed by a concentrated feed in the quantity of 541 t per annum. An average annual relative big‐game harvest quota (expressed in respect of the hunting areas) on the entire Hunting ground (the fenced and the open‐air part) amounted as follows: the red deer – 0.6 head per 100 ha, the European mouflon – 0.3 head per 100 ha, the roe deer – 0.3 head per 100 ha and the wild boar – 2.6 head per 100 ha. Generally, nutrition reinforcements and red deer harvesting during that period were too low, so a major damage was inflicted on the forest stands, and the harvest was significantly intensified up to the commencement of the 1990s (Brna et al. 1996).
A private company has managed the Hunting ground since 1992, having continued a combined big‐game breeding (the free nature and fenced hunting ground). This period may be divided in two stages. The first stage lasted from 1992 to 1995 and represented a phase of a lesser‐intensified management. During that phase, the same level of nutrition reinforcement was retained, and the cervine animals were released in the fenced part twice, 23 head in 1993 (20 hinds and 3 stags) and five stags in 1994. The heads were from Hungary. The fences of various types and heights were erected around the hunting ground and inside of it. As a rule, the fences are selective, signifying that certain wildlife species (the red deer and mouflon) may jump over them at certain sections, while they prevent the other wildlife species (fallow deer, roe deer and wild boar) from exiting the fenced part. In the 1992‒1994 period, 11 tons of hay, 212 tons of coarse fodder (maize silage, haylage, and fruit), and 574 tons of concentrated feed were averagely annually brought on the Garjevica. A grassland area melioration was performed during that phase and clover–grass mixtures were sown. A relative annual harvest quota in this phase amounted to as follows: the red deer – 0.6 head per 100 ha, the fallow deer – 0.1 head per 100 ha, the roe deer – 0.3 head per 100 ha, the European mouflon – 0.4 head per 100 ha and the wild boar – 3.2 head per 100 ha.
The second stage lasted from 1995 to 2004 and represented a phase of intensive management. During that phase, the additional 140 t of compound feed were annually brought, concerning the existent feedstuff quantities demonstrated for the 1992–1994 period. A relative annual hunting bag in that phase amounted to as follows: the red deer – 1.5 head per 100 ha, the fallow deer – 0.3 head per 100 ha, the roe deer – 0.6 head per 100 ha, the European mouflon – 0.7 head per 100 ha and the wild boar – 7.2 head per 100 ha.