DIGITALNA ARHIVA ŠUMARSKOG LISTA
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ŠUMARSKI LIST 5-6/2022 str. 85     <-- 85 -->        PDF

Nature Reserve are related to marking of educational trails as a result of synergy of domestic and international organizations (WWF, IUCN, Institute for Nature Conservation of Vojvodina Province) and EUROPARC Charter for Sustainable Tourism in 2014 and nomination in 2021.
Finally, it might be said that implementation of numerous activities in protection and tourism in Kopački rit Nature Park is monitored by the local population. No matter the fact, development of planning documents should involve the participation of the local community.in future activities, while in Gornje Podunavlje Special Nature Reserve there is a Stakeholder Forum, so-called charter area (EUROPARC), which contains 30 participants.
Previous studies showed that local communities are generally skeptical towards ecotourism development, mostly because they do not see any (economic) interest in it. Besides that, inhabitants often have no knowledge that they live inside the biosphere reserve, or that knowledge is not entirely comprehensive. They also associate biosphere reserves and ecotourism development with some kind of the usage restrictions and additional obligations for them (Mondino et al., 2018). In study by Hoppstadius and Dahlstrom (2015) educational aspect of ecotourism, especially in biosphere reserves is found to be crucial for overcoming the local community skeptical perception of ecotourism. Mondino et al. (2015) additionally suggest that networking might be one of the benefits of ecotourism development in biosphere reserves. Stronza and Gardillo (2008) reported that expanded network between visitors, local community and tourism stakeholders provide support system for visitors. The study by Hearne et al. (2005) showed that both local residents and foreign tourists demonstrated positive preferences towards increased and improved tourist services in Maya biosphere reserve in Guatemala, even if it includes entrance fee. Habibah et al. (2013a) emphasize the importance of proactive involvement of the stakeholders and careful management of local resources. Ecotourism in biosphere reserves significantly promotes learning and research collaboration and smart partnership among all stakeholders which contributes to the generation of true eco tourist (Habibah et al. 2013b).
The strength of ecotourism and its development within biosphere reserves has its bias in the fact that the main goal of outdoor experiences is supporting the relationship between people and the landscape (Beery & Jönsson, 2015). Mahanta (2014) emphasizes that ecotourism could have significant economic benefits to local community and government since it represents employment opportunity for local population. Ryan et al. (2013) indicate the role of local residents and business support and interest. They also found that countries that promote biosphere reserves as attractive destinations, record better environmental results in terms of resources conservation. However, Diamantis and Johnson (2003) emphasize that biosphere reserves in Central and Eastern Europe have rather passive role when it comes to implementing certain strategies towards sustainable management plan at a local level, and there is still a lot of room for the improvement.
Nature protection and tourism in Gornje Podunavlje Special Nature Reserve are indicating to a complex interaction. Nature protection is repeatedly and usefully reflected on tourism development, especially of ecotourism, which insists on the interpretation of natural values in Gornje Podunavlje Special Nature Reserve. Before the proclamation of the Special Nature Reserve, there were no ecological-educational trails, viewpoints, nor the eco-center. Eco-tours were not organized (Stojanović et al., 2021). Later, such tours improved the attitudes of visitors about the need to protect this area. However, research of this kind is in process, while concrete results are expected next year.
CONCLUSION
ZAKLJUČAK
Biosphere reserves are of particular importance for the promotion of sustainable development policies and strategies, as a globally recognizable status in the areas of nature protection, cultural heritage conservation and diversity. If all this is happening at the international level, in the case of transboundary biosphere reserves, their role is even more significant. Transboundary biosphere reserves, such as Mura – Drava – Danube, the first pent lateral in the world, are single area, with one community of local population, joint activities and finally with a common future. Such territories are significantly visible within the world travel market. It could be said that there is a trend of perceiving the importance of border areas as prominent destinations, where tourists could see several protected areas and small communities of local population with all their unique characteristics. Finally, international labels under the auspices of the UNESCO have additional importance, considering the fact that they are sending a message to visitors that they are in the place of the most important natural and cultural values ​​of the world we live in.
REFERENCES
LITERATURA
Akcijski plan razvoja zelenog turizma, 2016: Ministarstvo turizma, Zagreb. Institut za turizam. Dostupno na: https://mint.gov.hr/UserDocsImages/arhiva/160715_AP_Zelenog_t.pdf
Amazone of Europe, URL: http://www.amazon-of-europe.com/en/bike-trail/
Beery, T., K. I. Jönsson, 2015: Inspiring the outdoor experience: Does the path through a nature center lead out the door? Journal of Interpretation Research, 20(1), 67–85.