DIGITALNA ARHIVA ŠUMARSKOG LISTA
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| ŠUMARSKI LIST 5-6/2022 str. 92 <-- 92 --> PDF |
Symptoms and some stages of the insects of the European oak leaf roller, Tortrix viridana L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and Operophtera brumata L. (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) were found within the crowns of attacked trees on Quercus robur L. Plane leaf miner Phyllonorycter platani Stgr. (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) was a widely distributed insect species on Platanus orientalis L.. Оn the conifers, more precisely on the Cupressus arizonica Greene, Buprestis cupressi Germ. (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) was registered and on Abies nordmanniana (Steven) Spach two species were registered Sacchiphantes viridis Ratz. and Sacchiphantes abietis L. (Hemiptera: Adelgidae). One hundred and thirty eight trees (31.1%), were rated as fair. In this class the most prevalent family was Pinaceae both in species diversity and number of individuals. Bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Ips sexdentatus Börner, and I. acuminatus Gyll., were established on Pinus peuce Griseb. and P. brutia Ten. Physokermes piceae Schrank, was detected on Pinus pungens. In this class fungal pathogens from Ascomycota were registered, three of them caused powdery mildews, Phyllactinia guttata (Wallr.) Lév. on Pistacia terebinthus L., P. corylea (Pers.) P. Karst. on Corylus avellana L. and M. alphitoides Griffon & Maubl. on Quercus cerris L.. The other three identified species were Guignardia aesculi (Peck) V.B. Stewart causing leaf necrosis on Aesculus hippocastanum L. and M. mori on Morus alba L. and S. alni on Alnus subcordata C.A.Mey. causing leaf spots. The rust Gymnosporangium sabinae (Dicks.) G. Winter, which is an obligate parasite, was detected on Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb. Two species of white–rot fungi were determined on trees of fair health status, Coriolus hirsutus (Wulfen) Pat. (Polyporales:Polyporaceae) on Magnolia soulangeana Soul.-Bod and Schizophyllum commune Fr. (Agaricales: Schizophyllaceae) on Catalpa bignonioides Walt. Among the found insect pests, the most numerous were Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimić on Aesculus hippocastanum L. and P. platani on Platanus orientalis L., and also Buprestis cupressi Germar (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) which caused serious damages to Cupressus arizonica. The health status of 109 trees (24.5%) was rated as poor. As in the previous class, the most prevalent complex of damaged trees in this category was from family Pinaceae. Three fungal pathogens were registered - Lophodermium piceae (Fuckel) Höhn. on Picea pungens Engelm. and Lirula nervisequia var. nervisequia (DC.) Darker on Abies concolor (Gordon) Lindl. ex Hildebr and Cyclaneusma niveum (Pers.) DiCosmo causing needle cast disease on Pinus brutia Ten. On the deciduous trees from this category four powdery mildews were recorded: Phyllactinia corylea (Pers.) P. Karst. on Corylus avellana L., Uncinula aceris (DC.) Sacc. on Acer negundo L., U. salicis (DC.) G. Winter on Salix matsudana Koidzumi and U. fraxini Miyabe on Fraxinus sp.. The other two identified species were from the family Botryosphaeriaceae, Guignardia aesculi (Peck) V.B. Stewart causing leaf necrosis on A. hippocastanum L. and Phyllosticta magnoliae Sacc causing leaf spots on Magnolia soulangeana Soul.-Bod.. From the Phylum Basidiomycota one obligate parasite, rust Gymnosporangium sabinae (Dicks.) G. Winter was determined on J. excelsa M. Bieb. and one saprobic white–rot fungus Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat. (Polyporales: Ganodermatacea). In this category, the most encountered insect pest was C. ohridella on Aesculus hippocastanum L.. Thaumetopoea processionea L. was established on Pistacia terebintus L. and Operophtera brumata L. on oak. Four bark beetles I. sexdentatus and I. acuminatus Gyll., Pityogenes bidentatus (Herb.) and P. quadridens (Hart.) were detected on Pinus brutia trees. From Order Hemiptera only one species Physokermes piceae Schrank, and one from order Coleoptera, Buprestis cupressi Germar. Eighteen trees (4.1%) were in a critical condition. Most of them belonged to families Cupressaceae (J. virginiana L., Thuja occidentalis L.) and Pinaceae - Abies alba Mill., Pinus peuce Griseb, P. excelsa (Lam.) Link.). The fungus Nectria galligena Bres. caused irregular swellings which cracked open and exposed areas of the wood on stems of Betula pendula. Phomopsis blight disease caused by Phomopsis juniperivora Hahn. was detected on Thuja occidentalis L. and Gymnosporangium sabinae (Dicks.) Winter on Juniperus excelsa M.-Bieb.. Twenty-one dead trees were counted in the park. The bark beetles Ips sexdentatus Börner and I. acuminatus Gyll. were registered on them. The deterioration process occurred with different intensity. Discussion RASPRAVA The benefits provided by healthy and well-managed urban forests are extensively documented and far-reaching. The value of these contributions are posed to increase in the future, but at the same time, mounting threats from insects, diseases, invasive species, climate change and changing infrastructure could limit the contributions. Due to elevated temperatures (urban heat island effect), restricted rooting space, impervious surfaces and poor growth medium, urban trees in particular suffer from lack of water and oxygen, as well as imbalanced provision of nutrients (Craul, 1999; Hoff, 2001; Sieghardt et al., 2005; Roloff et al., 2009). Climate change-induced elevation of temperatures combined with longer periods of drought during the growing season would impose further stresses on urban trees (IPCC, 2007; Gill et |