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+ 2008 + 2009 + 2010 + 2011 + 2012 + 2013 + 2014 + 2015 + 2016 + 2017 + 2018 + 2019 + 2020 + 2021 + 2022 + 2023 + 2024 1-2/2025 3-4/2025 5-6/2025 7-8/2025 9-10/2025 11-12/2025 + 2026 new HR EN |
11-12/2025 |
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| RIJEČ UREDNIŠTVA | ||
| Uredništvo HŠD | 501 | |
| Na kraju 2025. godine |  
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| Logično je bilo u 2025. godini Šumarski list broj 1-2/2025 započeti uvodnikom i naslovnicom o 260 godina hrvatskog šumarstva i podsjetnikom na 23. veljače 1765., rođendan hrvatskog šumarstva. Međutim, tada nismo očekivali da će obilježavanje tako velike obljetnice tijekom godine proteći dosta skromno, pogotovo u odnosu na obilježavanje 250 godina hrvatskog šumarstva kada je 2015. godina bila ispunjena s mnoštvom većih i manjih svečanih i radnih aktivnosti. Nažalost, nekoliko događaja u kojima su akteri s područja šumarstva došli u sukob sa zakonom ili je šumarstvo bilo poligon za političke obračune nisu bili dobra podloga za posvećivanje većem iskazivanju počasti prethodnim generacijama šumara koji su stvarali našu slavnu prošlost.
Uvodnik Šumarskog lista broj 3-4/2025 bio je posvećen šokantnom Pravilniku o dopuni pravilnika o utvrđivanju naknada za šumu i šumsko zemljište resornog ministarstva. Njime je za 99 % umanjena naknada u slučajevima darovanja nekretnina u korist jedinica lokalne i područne (regionalne) samouprave te u korist tijela državne uprave za izdvajanje iz šumskogospodarskog područja Republike Hrvatske. Cjelokupna naknada, koja se sastoji od dijela za šumu (drvnu zalihu), šumsko zemljište i za smanjenje općekorisnih funkcija šuma (OKFŠ), svela se samo na 1 % ukupne naknade. Još se jednom potvrdilo da se svakom izmjenom zakonskih i podzakonskih akata u resoru šuma i šumarstva oni dodatno obezvrjeđuju.
Podsjetnikom kako se uvodnik u proteklih 15 godina čak 16 puta bavio istom temom (ne)učinkovitog korištenja državnih resursa osvrnuli smo se u uvodniku Šumarskog lista broj 5-6/2025. Na to nas je ponukalo pisanje u medijima o većem izvozu drva nego namještaja iz Hrvatske. Nažalost, toliki broj osvrtanja na istu temu samo je pokazatelj da nije bilo pomaka na bolje.
Da su šumarije osnovne organizacijske jedinice šumarstva vjerojatno je poznato i laicima van struke. Međutim, negativna iskustva iz prošlosti u kojima se olako pristupalo reorganizacijama i ukidanju šumarija navela su nas da se toj temi posvetimo u Šumarskom listu broj 7-8/2025.
Uvodnik Šumarskog lista broj 9-10/2025 ukazao je na to kako nema napretka u šumarstvu bez znanosti i bez kulture što je u Deset sentenci o šumi 2004. godine napisao akademik Dušan Klepac. Poanta uvodnika bio je osvrt na smanjenje ulaganja u šumarsku znanost. Nedostatak takvih ulaganja negativno će se odraziti na stanje šuma i šumarstva u Hrvatskoj.
Struka s tolikom tradicijom i postojanjem brojnih institucija koje ispunjavaju svoje zadaće od obrazovanja kadrova, znanstveno-istraživačkog rada, operativnog šumarstva do staleškog udruživanja ponosi se brojnim obljetnicama pa vrijedi podsjetiti koje smo još obilježili u godini na isteku: 165 godina osnutka Visokoga gospodarskog i šumarskog učilišta u Križevcima, 130 godina osnutka Instituta za jadranske kulture i melioraciju krša u Splitu, 80 godina osnutka Hrvatskoga šumarskog instituta Jastrebarsko, 65 godina samostalnog Šumarskog fakulteta, 35 godina djelovanja Hrvatskih šuma d.o.o. i 30 godina osnutka Akademije šumarske znanosti.
U 2026. godini možemo najaviti sljedeće obljetnice: 180 godina osnivanja Hrvatskoga šumarskog društva, trećeg najstarijeg šumarskog društva u Europi i 150 godina neprekinutog izlaženja znanstveno-stručnog i staleškog glasila Šumarskog lista. Treba podsjetiti kako se u sljedećoj godini navršava i 20 godina postojanja Hrvatske komore inženjera šumarstva i drvne tehnologije.
Svim članovima HŠD i čitateljima našeg lista želimo sretan Božić te uspješnu novu 2026. godinu.
Uredništvo |
autori: Uredništvo HŠD | |
| IZVORNI ZNANSTVENI ČLANCI | ||
| Ante Seletković, Albert Seitz, Andro Kokeza, Matej Matošević, Ivan Balenović | https://doi.org/10.31298/sl.149.11-12.1 |
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| Točnost procjene atributa pojedinačnih stabala ručnim laserskim skeniranjem u staroj sastojini hrasta lužnjaka |
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| U radu je testirana točnost trenutno najsuvremenijeg komercijalnog ručnog laserskog skenera (PLS) pri procjeni prsnog promjera i visine stabala u staroj sastojini hrasta lužnjaka (Quercus robur L.). Istraživanje je provedeno na tri primjerne plohe polumjera 20 m s ukupno 40 stabala. Kao referentne vrijednosti korišteni su prsni promjeri izmjereni mjernom vrpcom te visine stabala procijenjene statičkim terestričkim laserskim skeniranjem (TLS). Rezultati su pokazali vrlo visoku točnost PLS procjena za oba analizirana atributa: za prsni promjer srednje odstupanje (MD) iznosilo je 0,62 cm (1,28 %), a korijen srednje kvadratne pogreške (RMSE) 1,04 cm (2,13 %), dok su procjene visine stabala ostvarene s MD = 0,22 m (0,69 %) i RMSE = 0,30 m (0,95 %). U oba slučaja uočen je blagi trend precjenjivanja. Utvrđena visoka podudarnost s referentnim vrijednostima (r = 0,995) potvrđuje gotovo savršeno slaganje između PLS procjena i terenskih izmjera prsnih promjera te PLS i TLS procjena visina stabala. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju da PLS tehnologija, pruža vrlo točne procjene prsnog promjera i visina stabala te predstavlja iznimno perspektivnu metodu za primjenu u operativnoj inventuri šuma. |
autori: Ante Seletković ŠL Albert Seitz Andro Kokeza Matej Matošević Ivan Balenović ŠL | |
| Ante Seletković, Albert Seitz, Andro Kokeza, Matej Matošević, Ivan Balenović | https://doi.org/10.31298/sl.149.11-12.1 |
503 |
| Accuracy of tree attribute estimates by personal laser scanning in an old pedunculate oak forest |
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| This study evaluated the accuracy of the latest, high-end commercial personal laser scanner (PLS) in estimating diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height in an old pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) stand. The research was conducted in the state-owned management unit Šiljakovačka Dubrava (Forest Office Velika Gorica, Forest Administration Zagreb, Croatian Forests Ltd.) in Central Croatia, in a 145-year-old oak stand. Three circular sample plots (20 m in radius each) were established, including 40 oak trees in total (Figure 1). Reference data were collected by detailed field measurements and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS). DBH was measured using a diameter tape, while TLS (FARO Focus Premium 150) was used as the reference for tree height. TLS data were acquired using a multi-scan approach from five scan positions per plot (Figure 3a), whereas PLS data were collected using FARO Orbis according to a predefined walking scheme (Figure 3b). Both scanners, along with their technical specifications, are presented in Figure 2 and Table 1.
Before extracting individual tree attributes, a pre-processing of the collected TLS and PLS data was carried out. TLS data were pre-processed (registration, georeferencing) using FARO SCENE v2025.1.1, while PLS data were pre-processed using FARO Connect v2025.1 (Figure 4). Processing of TLS and PLS data (point clouds) was performed in the same manner using LiDAR360 v8.1. After normalising the point clouds, DBH of each tree was semi-automatically estimated; firstly, by approximate determination of diameter by the operator, which was secondly approximated by the fit-by-circle method, i.e., by the software algorithm that approximates DBH using the least squares method to fit a circle from the x-y coordinates of input points. Stems fitted by the circle method were used as seed points for individual tree segmentation (Point Cloud Segmentation from Seed Points algorithm; Figure 5). Within the segmentation process, the heights (H) were automatically estimated and then manually checked for any inconsistencies or errors (Figure 6). The measured and estimated DBH and tree height values for each tree, obtained from field measurements, as well as TLS and PLS data, are provided in the appendix (Table A1). The accuracy assessment compared PLS-derived attributes against reference data using the correlation coefficient (r), mean difference (MD) and root mean square error (RMSE). Results for DBH (Table 2) showed a strong correlation with reference values (r = 0.995), with deviations ranging from –0.99 cm to 3.02 cm. The MD was 0.62 cm (1.28 %), and the RMSE was 1.04 cm (2.13%). Figure 7 illustrates the slight, systematic overestimation of PLS-derived DBH. Tree height estimates (Table 2) were even more accurate, with deviations between –0.13 m and 0.92 m. The correlation with TLS reference data was r = 0.995. MD was 0.22 m (0.69%), and RMSE was 0.30 m (0.95%). Figure 8 demonstrates the close agreement between PLS and TLS estimates, again with a slight overestimation trend. The results confirm the high accuracy and reliability of PLS data for both DBH and height estimation in an old oak stand. Minor biases can be attributed to structural and morphological characteristics of trees, such as thick and furrowed bark in old oaks, which may cause an overestimation of DBH. Overall, the findings align with previous studies (e.g., Jurjević et al. 2020, Hyypä et al. 2020, Vandendaele et al. 2022, Kokeza et al. 2024, 2025), which report a slight overestimation but high accuracy of PLS-derived tree attributes. In conclusion, when high-end instruments are used, the PLS technology provides highly accurate and efficient estimates of DBH and tree height, demonstrating strong potential for integration into operational forest inventory. Further research across different stand types and conditions is recommended to establish best-practice guidelines for PLS data acquisition and processing. |
autori: Ante Seletković ŠL Albert Seitz Andro Kokeza Matej Matošević Ivan Balenović ŠL | |
| Igor Poljak, Gabrijela Svalina, Nives Vulama, Mia Radočaj, Kristina Buzina, Daniel Krstonošić | https://doi.org/10.31298/sl.149.11-12.2 |
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| Morphological and anatomical diversity of Juniperus sabina var. balkanensis in the Croatian Dinaric Mountains |
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| Juniperus sabina var. balkanensis R.P.Adams et Tashev is a morphologically cryptic but genetically distinct tetraploid lineage, hypothesized to have originated through ancient hybridization between maternal diploid Juniperus sabina var. sabina and a paternal ancestor related to Juniperus thurifera L. Although its presence in Croatia has been confirmed, morphological and anatomical variability along the Dinaric range remains poorly understood. In this study, we analysed three natural populations from the Croatian Dinaric Alps (Biokovo and two sites on Velebit), comprising a total of 35 individuals. The aim was to assess intra- and inter-population variability, sex-based differences, and population × sex interactions, focusing on five vegetative traits and four cone traits. In addition, we examined how geographic position, elevation, and environmental gradients form morphological variation. Our results revealed significant differentiation among individuals within populations for all measured traits, although variability was generally low to moderate, consistent with previous genetic studies. Statistically significant differences between populations were confirmed for four traits. Multivariate analyses provided further insight: PCA identified scale leaf number and length, as well as cone size and seed number, which are the traits most responsible for population differentiation, while RDA demonstrated that these differences are structured by environmental and spatial gradients rather than random variation. Low to moderate intra-population variability and pronounced inter-population differences may reflect limited gene flow, clonal propagation, and inbreeding within fragmented habitats. Sex-based differences were observed in scale leaf number and length; however, given the limited sample size and the presence of both monoecious and dioecious shrubs, further research is needed to draw robust conclusions regarding sexual dimorphism. Overall, our findings contribute to a clearer understanding of the morphological variability of J. sabina var. balkanensis. Given its restriction to high-altitude, xerothermic habitats in the Dinaric Alps, this variety represents a valuable component of mountain biodiversity and should be considered in future conservation efforts targeting relict shrubland communities. |
autori: Igor Poljak Gabrijela Svalina Nives Vulama Mia Radočaj Kristina Buzina Daniel Krstonošić ŠL | |
| Milan Mataruga, Branislav Cvjetković, Borut Bosančić | https://doi.org/10.31298/sl.149.11-12.3 |
531 |
| Cone and seed variability in Serbian spruce – indicators of population endangerment |
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| Serbian spruce (Picea omorika (Pančić) Purk., Pinaceae) is a tertiary relict and one of the rarest, most endangered, and protected conifer species in Europe. Alarmingly, many studies report a continuous decline in its population and vitality. In response to this concerning trend, the present research aims to better understand the reproductive potential of this species by analysing cone and seed characteristics, as well as intra- and inter-population variability — the critical factors for designing effective in situ and ex situ conservation strategies. To achieve this, cones were collected during the 2022/23 season (autumn/spring) from 111 trees across seven natural populations and one urban population in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Immediately after collection, cones were measured and processed, seeds were extracted, and germination tests were conducted in April–May 2023. The analysis revealed significant differences among trees and populations for all cone traits. Notably, the level of intra-population variability observed closely resembles the patterns previously identified in genetic studies of the same populations, suggesting a consistent underlying diversity structure. However, the overall germination results point to very low seed viability, 57.03% on average, with 26.85% of seeds being empty. Population-level differences were pronounced: germination rates ranged from 20.40% to 81.14%, while the proportion of empty seeds ranged from 8.10% to 59.60%. Overall, our results suggest that small and endangered populations are particularly vulnerable, producing smaller cones with a higher proportion of empty seeds and significantly lower germination success. This highlights an urgent need for conservation action — to protect the species and support natural regeneration in situ, and to establish ex situ plantations beyond its natural range. |
autori: Milan Mataruga Branislav Cvjetković Borut Bosančić | |
| Ibrahim Turna, Fahrettin Atar, Ali Osman Güzel, Fikret Koç, Giyasettin Akbin, Halil Bariş Özel | https://doi.org/10.31298/sl.149.11-12.4 |
545 |
| Assessment of growth parameters in Pinus sylvestris L. stands: Five-year results of precommercial thinning |
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| Determining the optimal intensities for precommercial thinning (PCT) in Pinus sylvestris stands, which hold significant ecological and economic value in Türkiye, is crucial for enhancing growth performance and ensuring well-formed stems. This study investigates the effects of various PCT intensities on the growth parameters of young, naturally regenerated stands located in the Western Black Sea and Central Anatolia regions of Türkiye. A total of 24 experimental plots (4 PCT intensities × 3 replications × 2 sites) were established in thicket-stage stands, and four PCT treatments were applied: T1 (classic), T2 (0.75–1.0 m spacing), T3 (1.5–2.0 m spacing), and a control (unthinned). Diameter at breast height, height, total basal area, and total volume were measured at the end of each growing season for five consecutive years. The results indicated that PCT intensity had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on all measured growth parameters. Both DBH and height increments were positively correlated with increased PCT intensity, with the greatest gains observed in the T1 and T3 PCT treatments. In particular, the relative increment values increased in parallel with the rise in PCT intensity in all measured growth parameters. In conclusion, leaving around 3000–3500 stems per hectare during PCT provides the best outcomes in terms of growth and stand structure. The findings suggest that PCT interventions should be performed on a 3–5 year cycle to maximize growth potential and maintain forest health. |
autori: Ibrahim Turna Fahrettin Atar Ali Osman Güzel Fikret Koç Giyasettin Akbin Halil Bariş Özel | |
| KRATKA PRIOPĆENJA | ||
| Marta Kovač | https://doi.org/10.31298/sl.149.11-12.5 |
559 |
| A new tritrophic association: Syspastospora parasitica on Beauveria pseudobassiana infecting Corythucha arcuata |
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| While studying a sap-feeding insect oak lace bug (Corythucha arcuata Say 1832, Heteroptera: Tingidae) and its association with entomopathogenic fungi, a new tritrophic association was discovered: C. arcuata infected with entomopathogen Beauveria pseudobassiana Rehner & Humber, which in turn is hyperparasitised by mycoparasitic fungus Syspastospora parasitica (Tulasne) Cannon & Hawksworth. This hyperparasitic fungus has been reported on various entomopathogenic fungi including B. pseudobassiana, but never in tritrophic association with C. arcuata. Although fungal hyperparasitism is widespread in nature, it is still poorly studied. In a context of biological control, the interest for hyperparasitic fungi is growing, since entomopathogens have an important role in the regulation of many insect pest populations. |
autori: Marta Kovač ŠL | |
| PREGLEDNI ČLANCI | ||
| Maja Cvek, Marko Vucelja, Darja Puškadija, Danijela Poljuha, Dalibor Broznić, Emina Pustijanac, Marina Šantić, Dijana Tomić Linšak | https://doi.org/10.31298/sl.149.11-12.6 |
563 |
| Krpelji kao vektori zoonotskih patogena: javnozdravstveni aspekti u Istarskoj županiji |
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| Praćenje prisutnosti vektora zaraznih bolesti od ključne je važnosti za očuvanje javnog zdravlja te dodatno naglašava potrebu za interdisciplinarnim pristupom u okviru koncepta „Jedno zdravlje” (engl. One Health). Ovaj rad temelji se na terenskom istraživanju krpelja kao vektora zoonotskih patogena te analizi pojavnosti krpeljima prenosivih bolesti na području Istarske županije. Podaci Hrvatskog zavoda za javno zdravstvo za razdoblje od 2016. do 2023. godine ukazuju na ukupno 126 prijavljenih slučajeva zoonotskih bolesti, od čega 114 (93,4 %) slučaja lajmske borelioze, dva slučaja Q-groznice te po jedan slučaj rikecioze i hemoragijske vrućice s bubrežnim sindromom. Osam prijavljenih slučajeva zoonoza bilo je evidentirano kod nerezidenata Istarske županije. U okviru istraživanja provedeno je sustavno uzorkovanje tvrdih krpelja (Acari; Ixodidae) u razdoblju od 2020. do 2023. godine metodom krpeljne zatege i prikupljanjem s domaćina, pri čemu je prikupljeno ukupno 2349 jedinki koje pripadaju 12 različitih vrsta iz rodova Ixodes, Dermacentor, Hyalomma, Haemaphisalis i Rhipicephalus te jedan meki krpelj iz roda Argas. Dominantna vrsta bila je obični ili šumski krpelj (Ixodes ricinus L.) (70,84 %), poznat vektor bakterija Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (uzročnik lajmske borelioze) i Coxiella burnetii (uzročnik Q-groznice). Rezultati ukazuju na izraženu prisutnost i raširenost vektora odgovornog za prijenos lajmske borelioze, koja je potvrđena kao najzastupljenija zoonoza u regiji. Dobiveni podaci potvrđuju potrebu za kontinuiranim entomološkim nadzorom i epidemiološkim praćenjem vektorski prenosivih bolesti u svrhu bolje procjene rizika i donošenja javnozdravstvenih mjera. |
autori: Maja Cvek Marko Vucelja Darja Puškadija Danijela Poljuha Dalibor Broznić Emina Pustijanac Marina Šantić Dijana Tomić Linšak | |